Proposed Bylaws Snapshot 2005-07-14

Notes on Formatting and Edits
This is just to get the ball rolling. It seems like a first goal might be to make some obvious and uncontroversial changes. This is Jeff's attempt at that.

Then we can focus the discussion on more major changes.


 * Jeff Kane's initial comments are in italics
 * Jeff's Suggested Deletions are in Strikethrough
 * Jeff's Suggested Additions are bold

Yet to do:


 * Doublecheck the strikethroughs, italics, and bolds.
 * Put in links to the RSA and Statutes.
 * See if this first round of stuff seems within reason out in the community.
 * Proceed on to issues like how the board is chosen and what it's makeup is.

RfS 18:51, 21 Jun 2005 (PDT)

Proofreading:

~wren 20:42, 29 Jun 2005 (PDT)
 * replace "the Corporation" with "Free Geek"
 * replace "Council" with "Community Council"
 * make all comments indented for consistency
 * double-check for voting vocabulary

--Jkane 00:52, 30 Jun 2005 (PDT)
 * review section on officers
 * renumber bylaws

Section 1. Purpose.
A. The Corporation is organized exclusively for charitable and educational purposes within the meaning of Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and as the same may hereafter be amended (the "Code"), including the making of distributions directly in support of such purposes or the making of distributions to organizations that qualify as exempt organizations under Section 501(c)(3) of the Code. References to sections of the Code shall be construed to include corresponding sections of any future federal tax code.

B. The primary purpose(s) of the Corporation in furtherance of its charitable and educational purpose shall be to recycle technology and provide access to computers, the internet, education and job skills in exchange for community service.

Section 2. Name.
A. The name of this organization, as specified in the Articles of Incorporation shall be Free Geek, Inc., hereafter refered to in these bylaws as "Free Geek".

--Jkane 00:56, 30 Jun 2005 (PDT)Added Section 2
 * Should section 2 come first, so we can refer to "the Corporation" as Free Geek? --Ideath 14:27, 5 Jul 2005 (PDT)

Section 1. Membership.
This Corporation shall have no members. It shall be governed and managed by the a Board of Directors (the "Board").


 * I'm wondering if we should change this section to be something more like "definitions", so we'd briefly layout things like: membership (none), the board, the council, the collective... ~wren 18:04, 29 Jun 2005 (PDT)


 * For our definitions council = guidance & vision, policy; staff = administration; board = legal, governance, 501(c)(3), financial ~wren 18:27, 29 Jun 2005 (PDT)


 * We should also put something in here about "writing" meaning either physical or electronic mail except where ACT takes a contrary position ~ wren 21:45, 29 Jun 2005 (PDT)
 * Seems to me that "definitions" belongs more in the previous section than in this one. --Ideath 14:28, 5 Jul 2005 (PDT)

Section 1. Function.
The Board shall manage provide for the oversight of the business and affairs of the Corporation Free Geek and shall exercise all the powers of the Corporation Free Geek as provided by the law and the Articles of Incorporation, but subject to any restrictions imposed by the Act, the Articles of Incorporation, or these Bylaws. The Board may by resolution delegate to committees, including an Executive Committee of their own number, or to Officers of the Corporation Free Geek, such powers and functions as they may designate from time to time.

Section 2. Number.
The Board shall consist of at least three (3) five (5) but not more than eleven (11) Directors. The exact number shall be fixed from time to time by resolution of the Board; provided, however, no decrease in the number of Directors shall have the effect of shortening the term of any incumbent Director.

We need to look at number and composition of board.

''I’m suggesting a minimum of 5 people, and I prefer a regular number of 7 with the possibility of expansion up to 11. So wording might look like:''

''The Board shall regularly consist of 7 members and may have a maximum of 11 members. (of course the manner of election and so forth will further add clarity to this)''


 * How would this play out when we have trouble filling all five positions or start to fall below the minimum? Is it better to have a high minimum, so that we've got some leeway before hitting the statutory minimum of two when we do fall below bylaws minimum? RfS


 * Also, it seems that 7 is more people than we've had active at one time up until now. Are we setting our expectations too high? RfS

Section 3. Term.
A. The term of each member of the Board shall be three (3) two (2) years except for the initial term. A Director shall hold office for the time for which he or she is elected or until his or her successor is elected and qualified or until his or her resignation or removal.

B. The Board shall be divided into three (3) groups for the purpose of staggering the initial terms. One group shall consist of approximately three (3) of the Directors, (and) the second group shall consist of approximately three (3) of the Directors, and the last group shall consist of approximately three (3) of the Directors. At the initial meeting of the Board, the Directors shall, by lot, divide themselves into two (2) groups the groups described above. The Directors of the first group shall serve a term of one year ; , and the Directors of the second group shall serve a term of two years. In cases when there is an odd number of directors, the group with the greater number shall serve a two year initial term. ; and the Directors of the third group shall serve a term of three years. Thereafter the members of each group shall serve three (3) years, with the term of each group of the Directors ending in each successive year. Thereafter, the terms of half of the Directors shall expire each year. There shall be no limit on the number of terms which a Director may serve.

''Staggering terms will require some new wording. Perhaps simply saying that each year, one half of the Board will be up for election.''


 * The sense of the working group is that half the terms should expire each year, and that someone should just write that up. RfS 18:53, 22 Jun 2005 (PDT)
 * Ok, i wrote it up. How's that look? I removed the unlimited term statement so it can be moved to section C. --Ideath 09:39, 29 Jun 2005 (PDT)

C. All Directors shall serve at the pleasure of the Board.

The Board of Directors shall hold a meeting at least once each calendar year, or more often as necessary, for the purpose of electing the Directors and Officers of the Corporation and transacting such other business as may be properly brought before the meeting. The Board of Directors shall designate such date, time and place as it may choose for such meetings; provided, however, the annual meeting of the members shall be held no later than the last day of October of each calendar year.

A new section C should outline the maximum number of terms the directors can serve… (Jeff Kane)
 * I would delete all of category C and work in any important items elsewhere.
 * Important items to work in elsewhere: meeting requirements. Actually, it seems like this section is mostly about the meeting requirements, and could possibly just be retitled!
 * Opps, I forgot, how do we deal with odd number of directors!?:::--Jkane 01:12, 30 Jun 2005 (PDT)

Section 4. Election Procedure.
At each annual meeting of the Board, the successors to the Directors whose terms expire that year shall be elected.

Beginning at the monthly meeting of the Community Council each October, the successors to the Directors whose terms expire that year shall be elected by consensus. Nominations shall be sought from the Free Geek community including but not limited to the Community Council, the Board, and the Staff Collective.


 * My concern: that the responsibility for selecting new board members is moved to council (good) but a mechanism is not put in place to ensure that this is done in a timely fashion. Might we have to require Special Council Meetings in our definition of the Council? --Ideath 09:44, 29 Jun 2005 (PDT)


 * My (addressed) concern is regarding if consensus cannot be reached in October ~ wren 21:06, 29 Jun 2005 (PDT)

Section 5. Annual Meetings.
The Board shall hold meetings at least once a quarter of the calendar year, or more often as necessary. The Board shall, by its own resolution, designate such dates, times and places as it may choose for such meetings; provided, however, the annual meeting of the Board shall be held no later than the last day of October of each calendar year.

''The idea of quarterly meetings have been raised. Question of how this should be codified.''


 * This could be left up to the board to make policy on. We could elsewhere require quarterly review of the books and budget, which might imply a quartetrly meeting. RfS
 * Where "elsewhere" is not in the bylaws, in order to keep it flexible? --Ideath 10:03, 29 Jun 2005 (PDT)
 * Slight wording modification from "each calendar year" to "of the calendar year".--Jkane 01:18, 30 Jun 2005 (PDT)

Section 6. Special Meetings.
Special meetings of the Board may be called by the President covener and must be called by the President covener upon the written request of at least two Directors. Notice of a special meeting of the Board shall be delivered to each Director by mail ed, email, or hand-delivery ed or given verbally to each Director not less than 10 days prior to the meeting and no more than 60 days prior to the meeting. The notification shall include the date, time, place and agenda of the special meeting.

There are provisions in the act that govern the notice that must be given about meetings and special meetings.
 * Changed President to Covener--Jkane 01:23, 30 Jun 2005 (PDT)

Section 7. Waiver of Notice.
A Director may at any time waive any notice required by the Act, the Articles of Incorporation or these Bylaws. Except as otherwise provided herein, such waiver must be in writing, signed by the Director entitled to notice, specify the meeting for which notice is waived and be filed with the corporate records. A waiver of notice, whether before or after the time stated therein, shall be equivalent to the giving of such notice.

The attendance of a Director at a meeting shall constitute a waiver of notice of such meeting, except where a Director attends a meeting for the express purpose of objecting to the transaction of any business because the meeting is not lawfully called or convened.

''There are provisions in the act that govern waiver. Also need to take a look at email questions here.''


 * The provisions in the act are the default rules. There are some situations where the by-laws can supercede the act, and others where the act supercedes the by-laws.  I would suggest that you keep and possibly expand on notice rules where the board wants to make the notice more or less strict. -- by JLB

Section 8. Quorum and Voting.
A majority of the Directors in office immediately before the meeting begins shall constitute a quorum at any meeting. When a quorum is present, the vote of the majority consensus of the Directors at such meeting shall be the act of the Board unless a greater vote quorum is required by the Act, the Articles of Incorporation or these Bylaws.


 * Should we change this wording to reflect the fact that we are not actually voting, but using consensus? Something like "When a quorum is present, decisions of the majority of the Directors ... unless a greater quorum is required..." --Ideath 10:10, 29 Jun 2005 (PDT)

Section 9. Presumption of Assent.
A Director of the Corporation who is present at a meeting of the Board at which action on any corporate matter is taken shall be presumed to have assented to the action taken, unless his dissent shall be entered in the minutes of the meeting. Such right to dissent shall not apply to a Director who voted in favor of such action.


 * moved to the section on consensus --Ideath 20:44, 29 Jun 2005 (PDT)

Section 9. Removal or Resignation of Directors.
Any Director of the Corporation Free Geek may resign from such position by delivering written notice of the resignation to the Board, its presiding Officer, the president or secretary, but such resignation shall be without prejudice to the contract rights, if any, of the Corporation. Any Director elected or appointed by the of the Board may be removed by the Board, for with or without cause, by a vote of two-thirds of consensus of the Directors then in office, excepting the Director in question, whenever in its judgment the best interests of the Corporation would be served thereby., but Such removal shall be without prejudice to the contract rights, if any, of the person so removed. The election or appointment of a Director shall not of itself create contract rights.


 * If the Board is now elected by the council, this needs to be re-written. Also, I would suggest that Board members can be removed for cause but not at the simple pleasure of either the council or Board. (Jeff Kane)


 * Would "for cause" mean excessive absences and such? RfS


 * Yo, Joe: what are the "contract rights" here? We left this bit alone because we didn't understand it. --Ideath 21:29, 29 Jun 2005 (PDT)


 * Should the Council be able to remove a board member by consensus? Jeff 11:05, 30 Jun 2005 (PDT)

Section 10. Vacancies.
In the event of a vacancy, the Board Community Council shall, by a majority vote consensus, appoint an interim Director for the uncompleted term.


 * Need to consider the relation of this with the rewrite of Article III S4. Does the council fill vacancies or does the Board.  I am personally fine with single vacancies being filled by the board for the balance of the term and then normal elections resuming by the council.  Now, worst case scenario, what if the whole Board decides to resigned at the close of a meeting and appoints their replacements prior to the meeting closing and also directs for the re-filing of the articles changing the name from Free Geek to Free GREEKs? (Jeff Kane)


 * Our reasoning for putting this back on the council: the council meets more often than the Board, and electing the board is their responsibility in general. --Ideath 21:32, 29 Jun 2005 (PDT)
 * Since the council elects members of the board, should we simply use the same wording, in regards to electing a director for the remainder of the unexpired term? --Jkane 01:29, 30 Jun 2005 (PDT)

Section 11. Compensation.
Directors shall not be compensated for their services as Directors. The Directors shall may be reimbursed by the Corporation for necessary expenses incurred in the execution of their duties and responsibilities. The Board of Directors may establish an aggregate annual limit for reimbursement of expenses incurred in a Director's execution of their duties and responsibilities, and may disapprove, by a majority vote consensus, of any specific reimbursement request submitted. No Director shall be liable to account to the Corporation for any profit realized by the Director from or through any transaction or contract of the Corporation; provided, however, in the case of any such contract or transaction requiring authorization by the Board, no any Director who personally or through any firm or corporation is interested in such a contract or transaction shall be entitled to vote thereon should recuse themselves from the decision., although Such Director may be counted in determining whether a quorum is present at any meeting upon which action thereon is taken; and such Director shall be responsible for disclosing to the Board his or her interest in any such contract or transaction.


 * Joe: can you look at this section and make sure we haven't done something dumb?


 * I would suggest that we change the sentence that reads No Director shall be liable to account to the Corporation... to read A Director who profits directly from a transaction or contract shall be required to notify the Council of such transaction. Jeff 11:10, 30 Jun 2005 (PDT)

Section 12. Action By Directors Without A Meeting.
Any action required to be taken at a meeting of the Directors of this Corporation, or any other action which may be taken at a meeting of the Directors, may be taken without a meeting if a consent in writing setting forth the actions so taken shall be signed by all the Directors entitled to vote with respect to the subject matter thereof. Such consent shall have the same effect and force as a unanimous vote of said Directors.


 * Need to add something about email. --Ideath 20:27, 29 Jun 2005 (PDT)

Section 1. Officers.
The Officers of the Corporation shall be President, hereafter refered to as "Convener", a Secretary and a Treasurer. Each Officer shall be elected by the Board at its annual meeting first meeting after the election of new Directors by the Community Council from among the Directors. Each Officer shall serve for a term of 2 1 years. Officers shall assume their respective duties immediately upon election.
 * Note that the name change. Also, terms are now one year instead of two per our discussion.--Jkane 01:43, 30 Jun 2005 (PDT)

Section 2. Duties Of Officers.
A. President Convener'

- The President Convener' shall convene all meetings of the Board preside over all meetings of the Board and shall discharge such other duties as may be prescribed from time to time by the Board. The President Convener' shall designate the members and Officers of each standing committee and each other committee created by the Board from time to time. appoint members of the Board Committees in consultation with the board.


 * Shouldn't the Convener be able to delegate convening meetings? Jeff 11:11, 30 Jun 2005 (PDT)

B. Secretary

- The Secretary shall keep or cause to be kept the minutes of the meetings of the Board and of any standing or temporary committees thereof; shall be responsible for the timely preparation and delivery of all notices to be given in accordance with the provisions of these Bylaws, the Articles of Incorporation or as required by the Act; shall be custodian of the corporate records and the seal of the Corporation (if any) and shall be responsible for authenticating the records of the Corporation as duly authorized or required by the Act; and shall perform such other duties as may be prescribed from time to time by the Board.

C. Treasurer

- The Treasurer shall provide oversight over the financial affairs of Free Geek; shall be the legal custodian of all the corporate funds and securities; shall provide for the deposit of all funds in the name of the Corporation in such bank or banks as the Board shall by resolution specify; shall provide for the keeping of proper account books and perform such other duties as may be prescribed from time to time by the Board. The Treasurer may delegate daily financial oversight duties to the Staff, but must review the details on a quarterly basis.


 * Right now it sounds like only the treasurer can do things like make deposits. I would suggest shifting the wording so the treasurer provides oversight of these functions, but that they can be delegated to others, of course with proper financial controls in place. --Jkane
 * Is that better? Jeff 11:14, 30 Jun 2005 (PDT)


 * How about "Convener" instead of "president"? --Ideath 10:06, 29 Jun 2005 (PDT)
 * Name change from President to Convener edited in. Note, since we are required to have a president under the act, I simply said we would refer to the office of President by the title of covener.--Jkane 01:42, 30 Jun 2005 (PDT)

Section 3. Other Officers.
The Board may by resolution create such additional and special Officers as may be considered necessary or desirable in addition to those hereinabove described. The appointment, tenure, removal and succession of persons to hold such offices shall be as the Board shall provide.

Section 4. Compensation and Expenses.
Unless otherwise established by the Board, no Officer shall be compensated for his or her services as an Officer. Expenses incurred in connection with performance of an Officer's official duties may be reimbursed upon approval of the Board.

Section 5. Resignation or Removal.
Any Officer of the Corporation Free Geek may resign from such position by delivering written notice of the resignation to the Board, its presiding Officer, the president convener or secretary, but such resignation shall be without prejudice to the contract rights, if any, of the Corporation. Any Officer elected or appointed by the of the Board may be removed by the Board, for with or without cause, by a vote of two-thirds of consensus of the Officers then in office, excepting the Officer in question, whenever in its judgment the best interests of the Corporation would be served thereby., but Such removal shall be without prejudice to the contract rights, if any, of the person so removed. The election or appointment of a Director shall not of itself create contract rights.


 * Now the section about resignation or removal of officers should be essentially the same as the edited one about Directors. We also discussed in brief what 'for cause' might mean.  Cases where the director/officer can no longer carry out their duties.  Or there actions are clearly at odds with their service on the board. --Jkane 01:52, 30 Jun 2005 (PDT)

Section 6. Vacancies.
Vacancies in any office caused by any reason shall be filled by the Board at any meeting by selecting a suitable and qualified person director to the office for the remainder of the unexpired term.


 * Changed wording here to make it clear that officer appointments must be from the board membership since election to the board is reserved for the council instead of the Board itself. Before, since the board elected it's own membership, it could elect a person to the board and an officer position in the same action but we would want to disallow this under the new bylaws.  --Jkane 01:59, 30 Jun 2005 (PDT)

Section 1. Function
The function of the council is for the general guidance and vision of Free Geek. This includes formulating and delegating decisions pertinent to the entire organization in both short term and long term capacities. Council provides for the administration of Free Geek in between meetings of the Board. Council also selects members of the Board.

Section 2. Membership
The community council consists of Free Geek volunteers and staff. Any active volunteer and/or staff member is allowed to participate in council meetings.

Section 3. Blocking Privileges
The privilege to block consensus is granted to any member of council upon their third consecutive meeting. This privilege is lost if this "blocking member" has missed 3 consecutive meetings.


 * note. we would like to propose to the next council meeting that the blocking privlage should be granted to the attendance of 3 meetings in 4 months.
 * I also thought it was after their third consecutive meeting. Jeff 11:17, 30 Jun 2005 (PDT)

Section 4. Meetings
Meetings of council shall normally be held on a monthly basis. The council meeting regarding the election of new Board members shall be held in october.
 * note. This date is somewhat arbitrary, some research needs to be done to find out which time the council's attendance is highest (school comitments, weather, holidays) and/or other factors.

ARTICLE VI. Staff Collective (proposed)

 * Definition to be provided by Ideath and Oso.

Section 1. Committees of the Board of Directors.
A majority of the Board of Directors in office may create one or more committees of the Board of Directors. The Board of Directors may appoint Directors of the Board to serve on them or designate the method of selecting committee members. Each committee shall consist of '''at least one Director of the Board. The Board may appoint non-Board members to Committees of the Board who have specific experience in the committee’s area of responsibility. Committees of the Board of Directors report to the full Board of Directors and require Board consent of all actions unless specific authority has been delegated by the Board of Directors or the Bylaws to the Committee.''' two or more Directors of the Board. Such committees may exercise the authority of the Board subject to limitations imposed by the Act, the Articles of Incorporation or these Bylaws.

Section 2. Other groups Committees other than the Committees of the Board.
Groups other than the Board, the committees thereof, and the Community Council may be formed on an as-needed basis by volunteers and staff of Free Geek. A. Committees other than Committees of the Board of Directors shall not exercise the authority of the Board of Directors unless explicitly given such authority by these bylaws or by direct resolution of the Board of Directors. The duties of such committees shall be as prescribed by these Bylaws or the Board of Directors. The Board shall have the power to dissolve such committees and may establish or dissolve additional committees unless these committees are defined by the bylaws.

B. Except as otherwise provided, committee members may, but need not be, Directors of the Board. The President may designate Directors of the Board as committee members. Each chair shall be appointed by the President and serve until his or her successor is appointed or until his or her resignation or removal. A chair may be removed by the President with the concurrence of the board.


 * Maybe this section needs to be reworded. I think the point is that staff and volunteers should be able to create committees and working groups for operations without needing to go to the board. RfS
 * This depends on what the scope of the bylaws is. I am reading this section on committees as "committees that do things related to board matters" - that is, not the distro group or the staff subcommittees, but possibly the council or working groups thereof. Does this make sense? --Ideath 10:19, 29 Jun 2005 (PDT)
 * Also, we need to be sure to remember to give Council whatever authority it needs in this document! --Ideath 10:21, 29 Jun 2005 (PDT)

Section 3. Ad Hoc Committees.
The President may establish or dissolve ad hoc committees and may appoint the chair of each ad hoc committee. The chair and ad hoc committee members need not be Directors of the Board.

Section 4. Action by Committees.
Except as otherwise provided in this Article, the provisions in Article III of these Bylaws governing meetings, action without meetings, notice and waiver of notice and quorum and voting requirements of the Board of Directors apply to the committees.

ARTICLE VIII. Rights of Participation
No person shall be denied the services or facilities of this organization or be excluded from participation or service herein because of race, age, color, sex, sexual orientation, gender identification, creed, religion, handicap, or national origin, and discrimination of any kind in respect hereof is expressly prohibited.

What about non-discrimination based on sexual orientation, and gender identification


 * I say put it in. RfS

Section 1. Model
The decision making process throughout the Free Geek structure shall be based on the model of formal consensus put forth by CT Butler and Amy Rothstein in the book "On Conflict and Consensus" (Food Not Bombs Publishing).

Section 2. Closing Options in Formal Consensus
A participant in formal consensus has three options when consensus is called for: The right to block is the equivalent to voting privileges in a voting based organization.
 * Consent
 * Stand aside - May not agree with the decision but will not impede its enactment
 * Block - The group may not go ahead with this decision. A concern must be based upon the principals of the group to justify a block to consensus.

Section 3. Presumption of Assent.
Any member of a group within Free Geek seeking consensus who is present at the meeting of the group where consensus is sought shall be presumed to have assented to the action taken, unless his or her dissent (in the form of a stand aside) shall be entered in the minutes of the meeting.

Section 1. Depositories.
All funds of the Corporation Free Geek shall be deposited in the name of the Corporation Free Geek in such bank, banks or other financial institutions as the Board may from time to time designate and shall be drawn on checks, drafts or other orders signed on behalf of the Corporation Free Geek by the Treasurer and/or such other person or persons as the Board may from time to time designate.

Section 2. Signatures.
All contracts, deeds and other instruments shall be signed on behalf of the Corporation Free Geek by the President Convener or by such other Officer or agent as the Board may from time to time designate.

Section 3. Seal.
the Corporation Free Geek shall have no seal.


 * Oso wants a seal and if he can develop one in a timely manner, maybe we'll include it.
 * Don't they take time to mature? Cause if we're caught using a baby seal ... Jeff 11:20, 30 Jun 2005 (PDT)

Section 4. Borrowing.
Notwithstanding any other provision in these Bylaws, no Officer or agent of the Corporation Free Geek shall have authority to borrow any funds on behalf of the Corporation Free Geek, or to hypothecate any assets thereof, for corporate purposes or otherwise, except as expressly stated in a resolution approved by a majority of the Directors, duly entered in the minutes of the Board. No loans shall be made by the Corporation Free Geek to any Director or Officer.


 * policies are being drafted in the area of accepting loans. what about decisions that need to be made quickly?

Section 5. Gifts.
The Board may accept on behalf of the Corporation Free Geek any contribution, gift, bequest or devise for the general purpose of the Corporation Free Geek, that is in accordance with Free Geek's 501(c)3 status, and any such contribution, gift, bequest, or devise is subject to the Board's acceptance.

Wording about only accepting gifts that are in keeping with our 501c3 Status may be added.


 * So it looks like this is where the "agent of the corporation" bit comes in - and to answer a C7 question, the C7 group might be designated by the board to sign or deposit things.

ARTICLE XI. Amendments
These Bylaws may be amended by a majority vote consensus of the Board then in office at any regular or special meeting of the Board provided the notice given for such meeting indicates that such amendments will be considered '''with written notice given to the council at least 3 weeks in advance of any such meeting of the Board of Directors where the amendment will be considered. The Board must consider any amendment which is proposed by consensus from the Community Council'''.

Section 1. Directors and Officers.
Pursuant to ORS 65.387 to 65.414, the Corporation shall indemnify, to the fullest extent provided in the Act, any Director or Officer who was or is a Party or is threatened to be made a Party to any Proceeding (other than an action by or in the right of the Corporation) by reason of or arising from the fact that such person is or was a Director or Officer of the Corporation. The determination and authorization of indemnification shall be made as provided in the Act.


 * Joe: if you have any recommendations on how we can indemnify directors any more, shoot!

Section 2. Advance of Expenses.
The Corporation may pay for or reimburse the reasonable Expenses incurred by a Director or Officer who is a Party to a Proceeding in advance of final disposition of the Proceeding as provided in the Act.

Section 3. Insurance.
At the discretion of the Board, the Corporation may purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of any person who is or was a Director or Officer of the Corporation against any Liability asserted against such person and incurred by such person in any such capacity, or arising out of such person's status as such, whether or not the Corporation would have the power to indemnify such person against such Liability under the provisions of this Article.

Section 4. Purpose and Exclusivity.
The indemnification referred to in the various sections of this Article shall be deemed to be in addition to and not in lieu of any other rights to which those indemnified may be entitled under any statute, rule of law or equity, provision of the Articles of Incorporation, agreement, vote of the Board or otherwise.

Section 5. Definitions.
The terms used in this Article shall have the same meanings given them in ORS 65.387 to 65.414.

ARTICLE X. Indentification
I hereby certify that I am the Secretary of the first Directors' meeting of Free Geek, Inc. and that the foregoing Bylaws in nine typewritten pages numbered consecutively from 1 to 9 were and are the Bylaws adopted by the Directors of the Corporation effective June 27, 2000.

Kenneth A. McGair, Secretary