Linux File System - Revision history

Paulm at 17:19, 26 October 2013

2013-10-26T17:19:03Z

Paulm at 17:24, 25 October 2013

2013-10-25T17:24:46Z

Paulm at 00:55, 20 October 2013

2013-10-20T00:55:51Z

Paulm at 01:01, 16 March 2011

2011-03-16T01:01:13Z

Paulm at 03:20, 10 March 2011

2011-03-10T03:20:25Z

Paulm: File System Hierarchy moved to Linux File System: its actually the Linux Filesystem Hierarchy but just Linux Filoe System makes more sense as it will also cover directories not in the LFH

2011-03-10T02:04:19Z

File System Hierarchy moved to Linux File System: its actually the Linux Filesystem Hierarchy but just Linux Filoe System makes more sense as it will also cover directories not in the LFH

Paulm: /* Standard Directories */

2011-03-09T02:52:47Z

Standard Directories

Paulm: /* Standard Directories */

2011-03-09T02:29:38Z

Standard Directories

Paulm: New page: ===Linux File System=== One of the joys of working with Linux/Unix is the regularity of the file system between machines. This has evolved alongside Unix and is now formalized in Linux as...

2011-03-09T02:27:28Z

New page: ===Linux File System=== One of the joys of working with Linux/Unix is the regularity of the file system between machines. This has evolved alongside Unix and is now formalized in Linux as...

New page

===Linux File System===

One of the joys of working with Linux/Unix is the regularity of the file system between machines. This has evolved alongside Unix and is now formalized in Linux as the Fileisystem Hierarchy Standard. It is maintained by the Linux Foundation and most distro's follow it, though they tend not to follow it completely. It is derived from the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix_directory_structure|BSD File System].

==Standard Directories==
; / : The root or base directory, not to be confused with <code>/root</code>. This sits at the top of the tree and contains all the other folders --- Hence why <code>/root</code> begins with a /.

; /bin : This contains the essential user binaries needed for [[single user mode]] (a.k.a Recovery mode). i.e. The programs you needed to get a broken system fixed. As well as the basic command line features such as <code>ls</code> and <code>cp</code, it contains shells such as Bash, file, text and system manipulation utilities like <code>kill</code>,<code>grep</code>, " <code>chmod</code>, compression programs like gzip and some basic network utilities .

;/boot ; boot loader files: contains the kernel etc. Very important but there is not much to do here except change grub settings and occasionally clean up old kernel versions â sometimes, especially on older systems, it is on separate partition that can fill up and overflow, which can cause of a lot of problems, that can appear seemingly unexplicable until you track them down.
[[Category: Tech support]] [[Category: Education]] [[Category: Tech training]]

@@ Line 27: / Line 27: @@
 ; /media : This is relatively new. It was defined in version 2.3 of the standard. It is intended as a mount point for removable media such as CD-ROM's etc.
 [[Category: Tech support]] [[Category: Education]] [[Category: Tech training]]
 [[Category: Needs updating]]

@@ Line 20: / Line 20: @@
 ;/dev : True to the Everything is a File philosophy this is a way of representing all sytem  devices as files. For example a CD player will show up as <code>/dev/cdrom</code>. This also contains  special devices such as <code>/dev/null</code> the 'bit bucket' or black hole of Unix. Other examples include <code>/dev/random</code> and <code>/dev/zero</code>, for when you want a handy source of randomness or zeroes.
-; /etc : System wide configuration files. e.g. <code>/etc/hostname</code> which contains the systems hostname. As well as the files that contain system configuration files like <code>/etc/network</code>or<code>/etc/passwd</code>, daemons/server software such as Apache or Samba store their configuration files here. User programs also store some of their configuration files here -- those that relate to system-wide defaults. Of particular note are the <code>/etc/init.d</code>and <code>/etc/rc0.d</code> to <code>/etc/rc6.d</code> directories, these control the startup and shutdown  process. <code>/etc/init.d</code> contains scripts that can be used to stop and start  different parts of the system such as networking and the different daemons installed (a daemon is a program that run in the background without user intervention these range from webservers to the log daemon. A number of sub-diredctories are also defined in the standard these include <code>/etc/X11</code> for X-windows configuration files. They also include <code>/etc/opt</code> for configuration files for third-party software installed under /<code>opt</code> and, optionally, <code>/etc/xml</code> and <code>/etc/sgml</code>
+; /etc : System wide configuration files. e.g. <code>/etc/hostname</code> which contains the systems hostname. As well as the files that contain system configuration files and directories like  <code>/etc/passwd</code> or <code>/etc/network</code>, daemons/server software such as Apache or Samba store their configuration files here. User programs also store some of their configuration files here -- those that relate to system-wide defaults. Of particular note are the <code>/etc/init.d</code>and <code>/etc/rc0.d</code> to <code>/etc/rc6.d</code> directories, these control the startup and shutdown  process. <code>/etc/init.d</code> contains scripts that can be used to stop and start  different parts of the system such as networking and the different daemons installed (a daemon is a program that run in the background without user intervention these range from webservers to the log daemon. A number of sub-diredctories are also defined in the standard these include <code>/etc/X11</code> for X-windows configuration files. They also include <code>/etc/opt</code> for configuration files for third-party software installed under /<code>opt</code> and, optionally, <code>/etc/xml</code> and <code>/etc/sgml</code>
 ; /home : Where the users' home directories live. Mostly created automatically  when a user is added, it can be useful to add other folders that will be shared between users such as /home/music. When the adduser command is invoked, and the folder created, it copies over a number of standard files, such as .bashrc from <code>/etc/skel</code>. Any files or folders a root user places there will also   get copied over. <code>/home</code> is often on a separate partition, to make for ease of upgrade, backup restoration  and to prevent user data from filling the whole drive. This is less of an issue with the larger drives found on modern machines and for single users machines, in particular can be bothersome as you have to carefully judge the size of the partition, though LVM makes this less of an issue.
@@ Line 28: / Line 28: @@
-{{Reflist}}.
+{{reflist}}
 [[Category: Tech support]] [[Category: Education]] [[Category: Tech training]]
 [[Category: Needs updating]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:55, 20 October 2013
Line 31:		Line 31:

	[[Category: Tech support]] [[Category: Education]] [[Category: Tech training]]		[[Category: Tech support]] [[Category: Education]] [[Category: Tech training]]
		+	[[Category: Needs updating]]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 ===Linux File System===
@@ Line 17: / Line 20: @@
 ;/dev : True to the Everything is a File philosophy this is a way of representing all sytem  devices as files. For example a CD player will show up as <code>/dev/cdrom</code>. This also contains  special devices such as <code>/dev/null</code> the 'bit bucket' or black hole of Unix. Other examples include <code>/dev/random</code> and <code>/dev/zero</code>, for when you want a handy source of randomness or zeroes.
-; /etc : System wide configuration files. e.g. <code>/etc/hostname</code> which contains the systems hostname. As well as the files that contain system configuration files like <code>/etc/network</code>or<code>/etc/passwd</code>, daemons/server software such as Apache or Samba store their configuration files here. User programs also store some of their configuration files here -- those that relate to system-wide defaults. Of particular note are the <code>/etc/init.d</code>and <code>/etc/rc0.d</code> to <code>/etc/rc6.d</code> directories, these control the startup and shutdown  process. <code>/etc/init.d</code> contains scripts that can be used to stop and start  different parts of the system such as networking and the different daemons installed (a daemon is a program that run in the background without user intervention these range from webservers to the log daemon.
+; /etc : System wide configuration files. e.g. <code>/etc/hostname</code> which contains the systems hostname. As well as the files that contain system configuration files like <code>/etc/network</code>or<code>/etc/passwd</code>, daemons/server software such as Apache or Samba store their configuration files here. User programs also store some of their configuration files here -- those that relate to system-wide defaults. Of particular note are the <code>/etc/init.d</code>and <code>/etc/rc0.d</code> to <code>/etc/rc6.d</code> directories, these control the startup and shutdown  process. <code>/etc/init.d</code> contains scripts that can be used to stop and start  different parts of the system such as networking and the different daemons installed (a daemon is a program that run in the background without user intervention these range from webservers to the log daemon. A number of sub-diredctories are also defined in the standard these include <code>/etc/X11</code> for X-windows configuration files. They also include <code>/etc/opt</code> for configuration files for third-party software installed under /<code>opt</code> and, optionally, <code>/etc/xml</code> and <code>/etc/sgml</code>
 ; /home : Where the users' home directories live. Mostly created automatically  when a user is added, it can be useful to add other folders that will be shared between users such as /home/music. When the adduser command is invoked, and the folder created, it copies over a number of standard files, such as .bashrc from <code>/etc/skel</code>. Any files or folders a root user places there will also   get copied over. <code>/home</code> is often on a separate partition, to make for ease of upgrade, backup restoration  and to prevent user data from filling the whole drive. This is less of an issue with the larger drives found on modern machines and for single users machines, in particular can be bothersome as you have to carefully judge the size of the partition, though LVM makes this less of an issue.
 ;  /lib : This contains the libraries (shared code or data) used by the programs in <code>/bin</code> and <code>/sbin</code>.
-; /media : This is realtively new. It was defined in th
+; /media : This is relatively new. It was defined in version 2.3 of the standard. It is intended as a mount point for removable media such as CD-ROM's etc.

@@ Line 2: / Line 2: @@
 One of the joys of working with Linux/Unix is the regularity of the file system between machines. This has evolved alongside Unix and is now formalized in Linux as the Fileisystem Hierarchy Standard. It is maintained by the Linux Foundation and most distro's follow it, though they tend not to follow it completely. It is derived from the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix_directory_structure|BSD File System].
 ==Standard Directories==
@@ Line 7: / Line 8: @@
 ; /bin : This contains the essential user binaries needed for [[single user mode]] (a.k.a Recovery mode). i.e. The programs you needed to get a broken system fixed. As well as the basic command line features such as <code>ls</code> and <code>cp</code>, it contains shells such as Bash, file, text and system  manipulation utilities like <code>kill</code>,<code>grep</code>,  &quot;  <code>chmod</code>, compression programs like gzip and some basic network utilities .
@@ Line 13: / Line 17: @@
 ;/dev : True to the Everything is a File philosophy this is a way of representing all sytem  devices as files. For example a CD player will show up as <code>/dev/cdrom</code>. This also contains  special devices such as <code>/dev/null</code> the 'bit bucket' or black hole of Unix. Other examples include <code>/dev/random</code> and <code>/dev/zero</code>, for when you want a handy source of randomness or zeroes.
-; /i./etc : System wide configuration files. e.g. <code>/etc/hostname</code> which contains the systems hostname. As well as the files that contain system configuration files like <code>/etc/network</code>or<code>/etc/passwd</code>, daemons/server software such as Apache or Samba store their configuration files here. User programs also store some of their configuration files here -- those that relate to system-wide defaults. Of particular note are the <code>/etc/init.d</code>and <code>/etc/rc0.d</code> to <code>/etc/rc6.d</code> directories, these control the startup and shutdown  process. <code>/etc/init.d</code> contains scripts that can be used to stop and start  different parts of the system such as networking and the different daemons installed (a daemon is a program that run in the background without user intervention these range from webservers to the log daemon.
+; /etc : System wide configuration files. e.g. <code>/etc/hostname</code> which contains the systems hostname. As well as the files that contain system configuration files like <code>/etc/network</code>or<code>/etc/passwd</code>, daemons/server software such as Apache or Samba store their configuration files here. User programs also store some of their configuration files here -- those that relate to system-wide defaults. Of particular note are the <code>/etc/init.d</code>and <code>/etc/rc0.d</code> to <code>/etc/rc6.d</code> directories, these control the startup and shutdown  process. <code>/etc/init.d</code> contains scripts that can be used to stop and start  different parts of the system such as networking and the different daemons installed (a daemon is a program that run in the background without user intervention these range from webservers to the log daemon.
 [[Category: Tech support]] [[Category: Education]] [[Category: Tech training]]

← Older revision	Revision as of 02:04, 10 March 2011
(No difference)

@@ Line 6: / Line 6: @@
 ; / : The root or base directory, not to be confused with <code>/root</code>. This sits at the top of the tree and contains all the other folders --- Hence why <code>/root</code> begins with a /.
-; /bin : This contains the essential user binaries needed for [[single user mode]] (a.k.a Recovery mode). i.e. The programs you needed to get a broken system fixed. As well as the basic command line features such as <code>ls</code> and <code>cp</code, it contains shells such as Bash, file, text and system  manipulation utilities like <code>kill</code>,<code>grep</code>,  &quot;  <code>chmod</code>, compression programs like gzip and some basic network utilities .
+; /bin : This contains the essential user binaries needed for [[single user mode]] (a.k.a Recovery mode). i.e. The programs you needed to get a broken system fixed. As well as the basic command line features such as <code>ls</code> and <code>cp</code>, it contains shells such as Bash, file, text and system  manipulation utilities like <code>kill</code>,<code>grep</code>,  &quot;  <code>chmod</code>, compression programs like gzip and some basic network utilities .
-;/boot ; boot loader files: contains the kernel etc. Very important but there is not much to do here except change grub settings and occasionally clean up old kernel versions.  Sometimes, especially on older systems, it is on separate partition that can fill up and overflow, which can cause of a lot of problems, that can appear seemingly unexplicable until you track them down.
+;/boot ; boot loader files: contains the kernel etc. Very important but there is not much to do here except change grub settings and occasionally clean up old kernel versions.  Sometimes, especially on older systems, it is on separate partition that can fill up and overflow, with strange and difficult to track down results.
 [[Category: Tech support]] [[Category: Education]] [[Category: Tech training]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:29, 9 March 2011
Line 9:		Line 9:


−	;/boot ; boot loader files: contains the kernel etc. Very important but there is not much to do here except change grub settings and occasionally clean up old kernel versions ~~â sometimes~~, especially on older systems, it is on separate partition that can fill up and overflow, which can cause of a lot of problems, that can appear seemingly unexplicable until you track them down.	+	;/boot ; boot loader files: contains the kernel etc. Very important but there is not much to do here except change grub settings and occasionally clean up old kernel versions. Sometimes, especially on older systems, it is on separate partition that can fill up and overflow, which can cause of a lot of problems, that can appear seemingly unexplicable until you track them down.
	[[Category: Tech support]] [[Category: Education]] [[Category: Tech training]]		[[Category: Tech support]] [[Category: Education]] [[Category: Tech training]]