<?xml version="1.0"?>
<feed xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" xml:lang="en">
	<id>http://wiki.freegeek.org/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=Testing_a_Network_Connection</id>
	<title>Testing a Network Connection - Revision history</title>
	<link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://wiki.freegeek.org/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=Testing_a_Network_Connection"/>
	<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://wiki.freegeek.org/index.php?title=Testing_a_Network_Connection&amp;action=history"/>
	<updated>2026-04-22T21:27:13Z</updated>
	<subtitle>Revision history for this page on the wiki</subtitle>
	<generator>MediaWiki 1.35.1</generator>
	<entry>
		<id>http://wiki.freegeek.org/index.php?title=Testing_a_Network_Connection&amp;diff=55124&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Paulm: Testing a Network Connection on the Command Line moved to Testing a Network Connection</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://wiki.freegeek.org/index.php?title=Testing_a_Network_Connection&amp;diff=55124&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2011-02-25T00:09:33Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;/index.php?title=Testing_a_Network_Connection_on_the_Command_Line&quot; class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; title=&quot;Testing a Network Connection on the Command Line&quot;&gt;Testing a Network Connection on the Command Line&lt;/a&gt; moved to &lt;a href=&quot;/index.php?title=Testing_a_Network_Connection&quot; title=&quot;Testing a Network Connection&quot;&gt;Testing a Network Connection&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table class=&quot;diff diff-contentalign-left diff-editfont-monospace&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 00:09, 25 February 2011&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-notice&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;mw-diff-empty&quot;&gt;(No difference)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Paulm</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://wiki.freegeek.org/index.php?title=Testing_a_Network_Connection&amp;diff=54594&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Paulm: /* Introduction */</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://wiki.freegeek.org/index.php?title=Testing_a_Network_Connection&amp;diff=54594&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2011-02-01T21:00:47Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;autocomment&quot;&gt;Introduction&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table class=&quot;diff diff-contentalign-left diff-editfont-monospace&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 21:00, 1 February 2011&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l2&quot; &gt;Line 2:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 2:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;For a general conceptual overview of how networks work the wikipedia page on the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TCP/IP_model| TCP/IP model] and the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OSI_model| OSI model] are a good places to start. You don&amp;#039;t need to know all the gory details but it is useful to have some understanding of the layered model of network connections. The basic idea is that networks are represented as a series of distinct layers each resting one on top of the other. At the bottom of the pile is the physical layer in the OSI model. In the tcp/ip model this is the link layer which combines the physical layer with  the logical network e.g. Ethernet. On top of this in the TCP/IP model you have:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;For a general conceptual overview of how networks work the wikipedia page on the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TCP/IP_model| TCP/IP model] and the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OSI_model| OSI model] are a good places to start. You don&amp;#039;t need to know all the gory details but it is useful to have some understanding of the layered model of network connections. The basic idea is that networks are represented as a series of distinct layers each resting one on top of the other. At the bottom of the pile is the physical layer in the OSI model. In the tcp/ip model this is the link layer which combines the physical layer with  the logical network e.g. Ethernet. On top of this in the TCP/IP model you have:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Internet layer -- this includes IP in TCP/IP as well as ICMP etc. IP is responsible for addressing and routing packets over the Internet -- hence IP address. It is not designed to be reliable, it will allow packets for example, just to get them there (Reliability is provided by the next layer). Ping works on this level.   &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;* &lt;/ins&gt;Internet layer -- this includes IP in TCP/IP as well as ICMP etc. IP is responsible for addressing and routing packets over the Internet -- hence IP address. It is not designed to be reliable, it will allow packets for example, just to get them there (Reliability is provided by the next layer). Ping works on this level.   &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;* Transport Layer -- TCP, UDP etc. This provides end to end communication for applications. TCP provides transport for the data and provides reliability by allowing for resending and re-ordering of packets. &lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;* The Application Layer -- this is top layer it covers all the common Internet protocols: DNS, HTTP, SMTP, IMAP, POP3, SSH, BitTorrent etc (it doesn&amp;#039;t include the programs that use these themselves).&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Transport Layer -- TCP, UDP etc. This provides end to end communication &lt;/del&gt;for &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;applications. TCP provides transport for the data and provides reliability by allowing for resending and re-ordering of packets. &lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;The reason &lt;/ins&gt;for &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;knowing &lt;/ins&gt;this is &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;that &lt;/ins&gt;it &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;gives us a model &lt;/ins&gt;to &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;work from so &lt;/ins&gt;we can test consistently &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;(&lt;/ins&gt;by starting at the lowest level and working our way up or vice versa&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;, I strongly encourage you to do the former, this is how this article will be structured&lt;/ins&gt;).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;The Application Layer -- &lt;/del&gt;this is &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;top layer it covers all the common Internet protocols: DNS, HTTP, SMTP, IMAP, POP3, SSH, BitTorrent etc (&lt;/del&gt;it &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;doesn&amp;#039;t include the programs that use these themselves).&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;The advantage &lt;/del&gt;to &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;knowing all this is &lt;/del&gt;we can test consistently by starting at the lowest level and working our way up &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;(&lt;/del&gt;or vice versa).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Paulm</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://wiki.freegeek.org/index.php?title=Testing_a_Network_Connection&amp;diff=54593&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Paulm at 20:58, 1 February 2011</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://wiki.freegeek.org/index.php?title=Testing_a_Network_Connection&amp;diff=54593&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2011-02-01T20:58:03Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table class=&quot;diff diff-contentalign-left diff-editfont-monospace&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 20:58, 1 February 2011&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot; &gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;==Introduction==&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;For a general conceptual overview of how networks work the wikipedia page on the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TCP/IP_model| TCP/IP model] and the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OSI_model| OSI model] are a good places to start. You don&amp;#039;t need to know all the gory details but it is useful to have some understanding of the layered model of network connections. The basic idea is that networks are represented as a series of distinct layers each resting one on top of the other. At the bottom of the pile is the physical layer in the OSI model. In the tcp/ip model this is the link layer which combines the physical layer with  the logical network e.g. Ethernet. On top of this in the TCP/IP model you have:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;For a general conceptual overview of how networks work the wikipedia page on the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TCP/IP_model| TCP/IP model] and the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OSI_model| OSI model] are a good places to start. You don&amp;#039;t need to know all the gory details but it is useful to have some understanding of the layered model of network connections. The basic idea is that networks are represented as a series of distinct layers each resting one on top of the other. At the bottom of the pile is the physical layer in the OSI model. In the tcp/ip model this is the link layer which combines the physical layer with  the logical network e.g. Ethernet. On top of this in the TCP/IP model you have:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l8&quot; &gt;Line 8:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 9:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The Application Layer -- this is top layer it covers all the common Internet protocols: DNS, HTTP, SMTP, IMAP, POP3, SSH, BitTorrent etc (it doesn&amp;#039;t include the programs that use these themselves).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The Application Layer -- this is top layer it covers all the common Internet protocols: DNS, HTTP, SMTP, IMAP, POP3, SSH, BitTorrent etc (it doesn&amp;#039;t include the programs that use these themselves).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The advantage to knowing all this is we can test consistently starting at the lowest level and working &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;out &lt;/del&gt;way up.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The advantage to knowing all this is we can test consistently &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;by &lt;/ins&gt;starting at the lowest level and working &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;our &lt;/ins&gt;way up &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;(or vice versa)&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Paulm</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://wiki.freegeek.org/index.php?title=Testing_a_Network_Connection&amp;diff=53898&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Paulm at 19:59, 24 December 2010</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://wiki.freegeek.org/index.php?title=Testing_a_Network_Connection&amp;diff=53898&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2010-12-24T19:59:26Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table class=&quot;diff diff-contentalign-left diff-editfont-monospace&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 19:59, 24 December 2010&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l8&quot; &gt;Line 8:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 8:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The Application Layer -- this is top layer it covers all the common Internet protocols: DNS, HTTP, SMTP, IMAP, POP3, SSH, BitTorrent etc (it doesn&amp;#039;t include the programs that use these themselves).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The Application Layer -- this is top layer it covers all the common Internet protocols: DNS, HTTP, SMTP, IMAP, POP3, SSH, BitTorrent etc (it doesn&amp;#039;t include the programs that use these themselves).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The advantage to knowing all this is we can test consistently starting at &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;lthe &lt;/del&gt;lowest level and working up.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The advantage to knowing all this is we can test consistently starting at &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;the &lt;/ins&gt;lowest level and working &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;out way &lt;/ins&gt;up.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Paulm</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://wiki.freegeek.org/index.php?title=Testing_a_Network_Connection&amp;diff=53897&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Paulm at 19:58, 24 December 2010</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://wiki.freegeek.org/index.php?title=Testing_a_Network_Connection&amp;diff=53897&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2010-12-24T19:58:43Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table class=&quot;diff diff-contentalign-left diff-editfont-monospace&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 19:58, 24 December 2010&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot; &gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;For a general conceptual overview of how networks work the wikipedia page on the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TCP/IP_model| TCP/IP model] and the[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OSI_model|OSI model] are a good places to start. You don&amp;#039;t need to know all the gory details but it is useful&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;For a general conceptual overview of how networks work the wikipedia page on the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TCP/IP_model| TCP/IP model] and the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OSI_model| OSI model] are a good places to start. You don&amp;#039;t need to know all the gory details but it is useful &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;to have some understanding of the layered model of network connections. The basic idea is that networks are represented as a series of distinct layers each resting one on top of the other. At the bottom of the pile is the physical layer in the OSI model. In the tcp/ip model this is the link layer which combines the physical layer with  the logical network e.g. Ethernet. On top of this in the TCP/IP model you have:&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Internet layer -- this includes IP in TCP/IP as well as ICMP etc. IP is responsible for addressing and routing packets over the Internet -- hence IP address. It is not designed to be reliable, it will allow packets for example, just to get them there (Reliability is provided by the next layer). Ping works on this level.  &lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Transport Layer -- TCP, UDP etc. This provides end to end communication for applications. TCP provides transport for the data and provides reliability by allowing for resending and re-ordering of packets. &lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;The Application Layer -- this is top layer it covers all the common Internet protocols: DNS, HTTP, SMTP, IMAP, POP3, SSH, BitTorrent etc (it doesn&amp;#039;t include the programs that use these themselves).&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;The advantage to knowing all this is we can test consistently starting at lthe lowest level and working up.&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Paulm</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://wiki.freegeek.org/index.php?title=Testing_a_Network_Connection&amp;diff=53666&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Paulm: New page: For a general conceptual overview of how networks work the wikipedia page on the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TCP/IP_model| TCP/IP model] and the[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OSI_model|OS...</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://wiki.freegeek.org/index.php?title=Testing_a_Network_Connection&amp;diff=53666&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2010-12-15T21:02:34Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;New page: For a general conceptual overview of how networks work the wikipedia page on the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TCP/IP_model| TCP/IP model] and the[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OSI_model|OS...&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;For a general conceptual overview of how networks work the wikipedia page on the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TCP/IP_model| TCP/IP model] and the[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OSI_model|OSI model] are a good places to start. You don&amp;#039;t need to know all the gory details but it is useful&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Paulm</name></author>
	</entry>
</feed>