Difference between revisions of "HTML 1"
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=== Language Interpretation === | === Language Interpretation === | ||
− | The L in HTML stands for Language, which is an important point. Like spoken language, HTML can be interpreted differently, depending on whom (or what program) is doing the interpretation. This is why webpages can look different in Firefox vs. Internet Explorer. | + | The L in HTML stands for Language, which is an important point. Like spoken language, HTML can be interpreted differently, depending on whom (or, what computer program) is doing the interpretation. This is why webpages can look different in Firefox vs. Internet Explorer. |
== What's the big deal with HTML 5? == | == What's the big deal with HTML 5? == | ||
=== Versions === | === Versions === | ||
− | + | In the early 1990s, HTML was written with style inline -- things like bold/italic, colors, fonts, backgrounds were written as normal HTML. By 1999, CSS was being more commonly used, and these style elements began to move out of HTML and to CSS. This process is called deprecation; where certain features are still available, but are noted that they'll be removed in o future version. | |
=== Standards === | === Standards === | ||
− | HTML is, at it's core, an engineering specification. It is developed, and agreed-upon by representatives from large companies in the industry, such as Microsoft, Apple, Adobe, Google and so on. | + | HTML is, at it's core, an engineering specification. It is developed, and agreed-upon by representatives from large companies in the industry, such as Microsoft, Apple, Adobe, Google and so on. And HTML 5 isn't a ratified standard yet -- it's only a draft spec. |
− | HTML 5 isn't a ratified standard yet -- it's only a draft spec. | ||
− | |||
− | |||
= Syntax = | = Syntax = | ||
== Tags == | == Tags == | ||
+ | An HTML tag is written with "angle braces" surrounding the element. | ||
+ | <html> | ||
+ | |||
+ | HTML tags typically come in pairs. The twin, or closing tag, is indicated by a back slash, and the element being closed. There are some exceptions where a second, closing tag isn't appropriate (such as images), but as a rule, there should usually be a pair. | ||
+ | <html></html> | ||
+ | |||
== Attributes == | == Attributes == | ||
− | = | + | Once a webpage is complete, there will be many hundreds of elements. We use attributes to add descriptive information to tags. These attributes should be single-spaced apart from each other, have an equal sign, and use double-quotes around the value. |
+ | key="value" | ||
+ | |||
+ | These attributes need to be added to the first of the tag pairs. This is important, because it's the first element which declares everything. The second tag is just for closing purposes. | ||
+ | <html id="freegeek" lang="en-US"></html> | ||
= Structure = | = Structure = | ||
− | |||
− | |||
== Head and Body == | == Head and Body == | ||
+ | All HTML documents must have <code><html></html></code> tags surrounding the whole of the entire document. Within those, we have 2 tags -- <code><head></code> and <code><body></code>. We're indenting with a single space here, for readability, but HTML can be strung out on a single line with a minimum of spaces, or can be generously indented as you please. | ||
+ | <html> | ||
+ | <head> | ||
+ | </head> | ||
+ | <body> | ||
+ | </body> | ||
+ | </html> | ||
− | + | Within the <head>, we provide information to the browser, so it can render the webpage as we would like. Things like CSS and JavaScript are added here, as well as metadata like keywords, title, author and more. | |
− | + | <html> | |
− | + | <head> | |
− | + | <title>Free Geek HTML Class</title> | |
− | + | <meta name="author" content="Free Geek"> | |
− | + | <meta name="description" content=""> | |
− | + | </head> | |
+ | <body> | ||
+ | This is going to be an exciting class. | ||
+ | </body> | ||
+ | </html> | ||
− | + | == Headlines and Paragraphs == | |
− | + | Recalling the term "markup" from earlier, we now proceed to use paragraph and headline tags to inform the browser where and how text should be displayed. | |
− | + | <nowiki> <html> | |
− | + | <head> | |
− | + | <title>Free Geek HTML Class</title> | |
+ | <meta name="author" content="Free Geek"> | ||
+ | <meta name="description" content=""> | ||
+ | </head> | ||
+ | <body> | ||
+ | <h1>Welcome!</h1> | ||
+ | <p>This is going to be an exciting class.</p> | ||
+ | <h2>Agenda</h2> | ||
+ | <p>Here's how it's going to go:</p> | ||
+ | <h3>Introductions</h3> | ||
+ | <p>Get to know your fellow classmates.</p> | ||
+ | <h3>Project</h3> | ||
+ | <p>Do something fun together.</p> | ||
+ | <h3>Report</h3> | ||
+ | <p>How did the project go?</p> | ||
+ | <h2>Closing</h2> | ||
+ | <p>Well, that was fun, wasn't it?</p> | ||
+ | </body> | ||
+ | </html></nowiki> | ||
− | + | == Links == | |
− | + | To link to another page, we use the anchor, or <code><a></a></code> tag. This tag needs attributes to be really useful. For links, that would be the <code>href=""</code> attribute. | |
− | + | <nowiki><p>Hi, mom. How are you? <a href="mailto:dormroom@school.edu">Please email me</a>.</p></nowiki> | |
− | + | When linking to another site, we must always include the http:// prefix. | |
− | + | <nowiki><p>Please <a href="http://www.freegeek.org/">click here</a>.</p></nowiki> | |
− | |||
− | + | If we want, we can force a link to open in a new tab, by using the <code>target="_blank"</code> attribute. | |
− | + | <nowiki><p>Please <a href="http://www.freegeek.org/" target="_blank">click here</a> to see our fancy site.</p></nowiki> |
Latest revision as of 04:02, 15 November 2013
HTML is the language which drives the entire web. All webpages are created using HTML.
History
What does HTML mean, anyway?
Acronym
The acronym HTML stands for HyperText Markup Language. The very beginnings of HTML is rooted in a Macintosh application known as HyperCard, where one could click "HyperLinks" to other HyperCards. This is the basis for how we interact with webpages today.
Markup
The M in HTML stands for Markup, which means that the actual text in a document (or page) is plainly available -- but it is annotated, or marked-up, to add additional information or instruction on how to display the text.
Language Interpretation
The L in HTML stands for Language, which is an important point. Like spoken language, HTML can be interpreted differently, depending on whom (or, what computer program) is doing the interpretation. This is why webpages can look different in Firefox vs. Internet Explorer.
What's the big deal with HTML 5?
Versions
In the early 1990s, HTML was written with style inline -- things like bold/italic, colors, fonts, backgrounds were written as normal HTML. By 1999, CSS was being more commonly used, and these style elements began to move out of HTML and to CSS. This process is called deprecation; where certain features are still available, but are noted that they'll be removed in o future version.
Standards
HTML is, at it's core, an engineering specification. It is developed, and agreed-upon by representatives from large companies in the industry, such as Microsoft, Apple, Adobe, Google and so on. And HTML 5 isn't a ratified standard yet -- it's only a draft spec.
Syntax
Tags
An HTML tag is written with "angle braces" surrounding the element.
<html>
HTML tags typically come in pairs. The twin, or closing tag, is indicated by a back slash, and the element being closed. There are some exceptions where a second, closing tag isn't appropriate (such as images), but as a rule, there should usually be a pair.
<html></html>
Attributes
Once a webpage is complete, there will be many hundreds of elements. We use attributes to add descriptive information to tags. These attributes should be single-spaced apart from each other, have an equal sign, and use double-quotes around the value.
key="value"
These attributes need to be added to the first of the tag pairs. This is important, because it's the first element which declares everything. The second tag is just for closing purposes.
<html id="freegeek" lang="en-US"></html>
Structure
Head and Body
All HTML documents must have <html></html>
tags surrounding the whole of the entire document. Within those, we have 2 tags -- <head>
and <body>
. We're indenting with a single space here, for readability, but HTML can be strung out on a single line with a minimum of spaces, or can be generously indented as you please.
<html> <head> </head> <body> </body> </html>
Within the <head>, we provide information to the browser, so it can render the webpage as we would like. Things like CSS and JavaScript are added here, as well as metadata like keywords, title, author and more.
<html> <head> <title>Free Geek HTML Class</title> <meta name="author" content="Free Geek"> <meta name="description" content=""> </head> <body> This is going to be an exciting class. </body> </html>
Headlines and Paragraphs
Recalling the term "markup" from earlier, we now proceed to use paragraph and headline tags to inform the browser where and how text should be displayed.
<html> <head> <title>Free Geek HTML Class</title> <meta name="author" content="Free Geek"> <meta name="description" content=""> </head> <body> <h1>Welcome!</h1> <p>This is going to be an exciting class.</p> <h2>Agenda</h2> <p>Here's how it's going to go:</p> <h3>Introductions</h3> <p>Get to know your fellow classmates.</p> <h3>Project</h3> <p>Do something fun together.</p> <h3>Report</h3> <p>How did the project go?</p> <h2>Closing</h2> <p>Well, that was fun, wasn't it?</p> </body> </html>
Links
To link to another page, we use the anchor, or <a></a>
tag. This tag needs attributes to be really useful. For links, that would be the href=""
attribute.
<p>Hi, mom. How are you? <a href="mailto:dormroom@school.edu">Please email me</a>.</p>
When linking to another site, we must always include the http:// prefix.
<p>Please <a href="http://www.freegeek.org/">click here</a>.</p>
If we want, we can force a link to open in a new tab, by using the target="_blank"
attribute.
<p>Please <a href="http://www.freegeek.org/" target="_blank">click here</a> to see our fancy site.</p>