Difference between revisions of "Proposed Bylaws Snapshot 2005-09-01"

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''(This is a working draft for the new bylaws project. For more extended discussion see the pages listed at [[New Bylaws Project]].)''
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''(This is a snapshot of the [[Proposed Bylaws Working Draft]] as of September 1, 2005. It is a static page. For more extended discussion see the pages listed at [[New Bylaws Project]].)''
  
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==Notes==
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;Formatting and Edits
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===See Also===
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:
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* [[New Bylaws]]
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:* Comments are indented. ''Begin lines with a colon (:). Nest your comments by increasing the number of colons.''
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:* Suggested deletions since the last snapshot are in <del>Strikethrough</del>.
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:* Suggested additions since the last snapshot are '''bold'''.
  
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===Formatting and Edits===
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;To do
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* Comments are indented. ''Begin lines with a colon (:). Nest your comments by increasing the number of colons.''
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:
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* Suggested deletions are in <del>Strikethrough</del>
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:* Spellcheck, etc.
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* Suggested additions are '''bold'''
 
  
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===To do===
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These Bylaws of Free Geek, Inc. ("Free Geek") are intended to conform to the mandatory requirements of the Oregon Nonprofit Corporations Act (the "Act"). Any ambiguity arising between the Bylaws and the discretionary provisions of the Act shall be resolved in favor of the application of the Act.
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* Put in links to the RSA and Statutes?
 
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* See if this first round of stuff seems within reason out in the community.
 
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* Proceed on to issues like how the board is chosen and what it's makeup is.
 
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* review section on officers
 
  
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===Proofreading===
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== ARTICLE I. PURPOSE ==
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After it seems like it's settled, fix these things:
 
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* Numbers: There are some places where the format is "one (1)", and other places where we just say "one" or "1".
 
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* renumber bylaws
 
  
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==Preface:Definitions==
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a. Free Geek is organized exclusively for charitable and educational purposes within the meaning of Section 501(c) (3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and as the same may hereafter be amended (the "Code"), including the making of distributions directly in support of such purposes or the making of distributions to organizations that qualify as exempt organizations under Section 501(c) (3) of the Code. References to sections of the Code shall be construed to include corresponding sections of any future federal tax code.
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Some of the terms used in this document (the Free Geek Bylaws) may be used differently than they are commonly understood, or refer to things that we feel need more elaboration.
 
  
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'''The Board''' in this document refers to the Free Geek board of directors, which is responsible for legal and financial oversight of Free Geek and ensures our adherence to the guidelines for our 501(c)(3) status.
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b. The primary purpose(s) of Free Geek, in furtherance of its charitable and educational purpose, shall be to recycle technology and provide access to computers, the internet, education and job skills in exchange for community service.
  
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'''The Community Council''', also referred to as the Council, is a group of volunteers, staff and board members who are responsible for overall guidance and vision for the organization.
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== ARTICLE II. MEMBERSHIP ==
  
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'''The Staff Collective''' also referred to as the Staff, administers the daily proceedings of Free Geek.
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Free Geek shall have no members. It shall be governed by a Board of Directors (the "Board").
  
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'''Paid interns''' are workers who paid by Free Geek for specific, temporary positions. They are not part of the staff collective.
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== ARTICLE III THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS ==
  
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'''In writing''', in this document, refers to a hand-delivered, faxed or mailed paper document OR an email communication.
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=== Section 1. Function. ===
  
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==ARTICLE I. Purpose and Name==
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The Board shall provide for the oversight of the business and affairs of Free Geek and shall exercise all the powers of Free Geek as provided by the law and the Articles of Incorporation, but subject to any restrictions imposed by the Act, the Articles of Incorporation, or these Bylaws. The Board may by resolution delegate to committees, including an Executive Committee of their own number, or to Officers of Free Geek, such powers and functions as they may designate from time to time.
  
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===Section 1. Purpose.===
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=== Section 2. Number. ===
  
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A. The Corporation is organized exclusively for charitable and educational purposes within the meaning of Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and as the same may hereafter be amended (the "Code"), including the making of distributions directly in support of such purposes or the making of distributions to organizations that qualify as exempt organizations under Section 501(c)(3) of the Code. References to sections of the Code shall be construed to include corresponding sections of any future federal tax code.
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The Board shall consist of at least five (5) but not more than eleven (11) Directors. The exact number shall be fixed from time to time by resolution of the Board; provided, however, no decrease in the number of Directors shall have the effect of shortening the term of any incumbent Director.
  
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B. The primary purpose(s) of the Corporation in furtherance of its charitable and educational purpose shall be to recycle technology and provide access to computers, the internet, education and job skills in exchange for community service.
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=== Section 3. Term. ===
  
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===Section 2. Name.===
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a. The term of each member of the Board shall be approximately two (2) years. A Director shall hold office for the time for which he or she is elected or until his or her successor is elected and qualified or until his or her resignation or removal.
  
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The name of this organization, as specified in the Articles of Incorporation shall be Free Geek, Inc., hereafter refered to in these bylaws as "Free Geek".
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b. The Board shall be divided, by lot, into two (2) groups for the purpose of staggering the terms. The Directors of the first group shall serve a term of two years; the Directors of the second group shall serve a term of one year. Thereafter the members of each group shall serve two (2) years, with the term of each group of the Directors ending in each successive year. There shall be no limit on the number of terms which a Director may serve.
  
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==ARTICLE II. Membership==
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=== Section 4. Election Procedure. ===
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===Section 1. Membership.===
 
  
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This Corporation shall have no members. It shall be governed  by the Board of Directors (the "Board").
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Prior to the annual meeting of the Board, the Council shall elect the successors to the Directors whose terms expire that year. Nominations shall be sought from the community served by Free Geek, including, but not limited to, the Council, the Board and the Staff.
  
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==ARTICLE III. The Board of Directors==
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=== Section 5. Annual Meeting. ===
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===Section 1. Function.===
 
  
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The Board shall provide for the oversight of the business and affairs of  Free Geek and shall exercise all the powers of  Free Geek as provided by the law and the Articles of Incorporation, but subject to any restrictions imposed by the Act, the Articles of Incorporation, or these Bylaws. The Board may by resolution delegate to committees, including an Executive Committee of their own number, or to Officers of  Free Geek, such powers and functions as they may designate from time to time.
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The Board shall hold meetings at least once each calendar year, or more often as necessary. The Board shall, by its own resolution, designate such dates, times and places as it may choose for such meetings; provided, however, the annual meeting of the Board shall be held no later than the last day of October of each calendar year.
  
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===Section 2. Number.===
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=== Section 6. Special Meetings. ===
  
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The Board shall consist of at least  five (5) but not more than eleven (11) Directors. The exact number shall be fixed from time to time by resolution of the Board; provided, however, no decrease in the number of Directors shall have the effect of shortening the term of any incumbent Director.
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Special meetings of the Board may be called by the Chairperson and must be called by the Chairperson upon the written request of at least two Directors. Notice of a special meeting of the Board shall be mailed, hand-delivered or given verbally to each Director not less than 10 days prior to the meeting and no more than 60 days prior to the meeting. The notification shall include the date, time, place and agenda of the special meeting.
  
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===Section 3. Term.===
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=== Section 7. Waiver of Notice. ===
  
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The term of each member of the Board shall be two (2) years except for the initial term. A Director shall hold office for the time for which he or she is elected or until his or her successor is elected and qualified or until his or her resignation or removal. Thereafter, the terms of approximately half of the Directors should expire each year.
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A Director may at any time waive any notice required by the Act, the Articles of Incorporation or these Bylaws. Except as otherwise provided herein, such waiver must be in writing, signed by the Director entitled to notice, specify the meeting for which notice is waived and be filed with the corporate records. A waiver of notice, whether before or after the time stated therein, shall be equivalent to the giving of such notice. The attendance of a Director at a meeting shall constitute a waiver of notice of such meeting, except where a Director attends a meeting for the express purpose of objecting to the transaction of any business because the meeting is not lawfully called or convened.
  
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===Section 4. Election Procedure.===
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=== Section 8. Quorum and Voting. ===
  
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Each year the Council shall elect the successors to the Directors whose terms expire that year. Those Directors should be elected prior to the Board's annual meeting. Nominations shall be sought from the Free Geek community including but not limited to the Community Council, the Board, and the Staff Collective.
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A majority of the Directors in office immediately before the meeting begins shall constitute a quorum at any meeting. Decisions made by such a quorum shall be the act of the Board unless a greater vote is required by the Act, the Articles of Incorporation or these Bylaws.
  
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===Section 5. Annual Meeting.===
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=== Section 9. Presumption of Assent. ===
  
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The Board shall hold meetings at least once each calendar year, or more often as necessary.  
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A Director of Free Geek who is present at a meeting of the Board at which action on any corporate matter is taken shall be presumed to have assented to the action taken, unless his dissent shall be entered in the minutes of the meeting. Such right to dissent shall not apply to a Director who voted in favor of such action.
  
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===Section 6. Special Meetings.===
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=== Section 10. Removal or Resignation of Directors. ===
  
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Special meetings of the Board may be called by the chairperson and must be called by the convener upon the written request of at least two Directors. Written notice of a special meeting of the Board shall be delivered to each Director  not less than seven (7)  days prior to the meeting and no more than 60 days prior to the meeting. The notification shall include the date, time, place and agenda of the special meeting.
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Any Director of Free Geek may resign from such position by delivering written notice of the resignation to the Board, its presiding Officer, the Chairperson or secretary, but such resignation shall be without prejudice to the contract rights, if any, of Free Geek.  Any Director elected or appointed by the Board may be removed by the Board, for cause, by the Directors then in office, except for the director in question, whenever in its judgment the best interests of Free Geek would be served thereby, but such removal shall be without prejudice to the contract rights, if any, of the person so removed. The election or appointment of a Director shall not of itself create contract rights.
  
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===Section 7. Waiver of Notice.===
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=== Section 11. Vacancies. ===
  
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A Director may at any time waive any notice required by the Act, the Articles of Incorporation or these Bylaws. Except as otherwise provided herein, such waiver must be in writing, signed by the Director entitled to notice, specify the meeting for which notice is waived and be filed with the corporate records. A waiver of notice, whether before or after the time stated therein, shall be equivalent to the giving of such notice.
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In the event of a vacancy, the Council shall appoint an interim Director for the uncompleted term.
  
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The attendance of a Director at a meeting shall constitute a waiver of notice of such meeting, except where a Director attends a meeting for the express purpose of objecting to the transaction of any business because the meeting is not lawfully called or convened.
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=== Section 12. Compensation. ===
  
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===Section 8. Quorum and Consensus .===
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Directors shall not be compensated for their services as Directors. The Directors shall be reimbursed by Free Geek for necessary expenses incurred in the execution of their duties and responsibilities. The Board of Directors may establish an aggregate annual limit for reimbursement of expenses incurred in a Director's execution of their duties and responsibilities, and may disapprove, by a majority vote, of any specific reimbursement request submitted.  No Director shall be liable to account to Free Geek for any profit realized by the Director from or through any transaction or contract of Free Geek; provided, however, in the case of any such contract or transaction requiring authorization by the Board, any Director who personally or through any firm or corporation is interested in such a contract or transaction shall recuse themselves from the decision. Such Director may be counted in determining whether a quorum is present at any meeting upon which action thereon is taken; and such Director shall be responsible for disclosing to the Board his or her interest in any such contract or transaction.
  
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A majority of the Directors in office immediately before the meeting begins shall constitute a quorum at any meeting. When a quorum is present,  consensus of the Directors at such meeting shall be the act of the Board unless a greater  quorum is required by the Act, the Articles of Incorporation or these Bylaws.
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=== Section 13. Action By Directors Without A Meeting. ===
  
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===Section 9. Removal or Resignation of Directors.===
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Any action required to be taken at a meeting of the Directors of Free Geek, or any other action which may be taken at a meeting of the Directors, may be taken without a meeting if a consent in writing setting forth the actions so taken shall be signed by all the Directors not recused with respect to the subject matter thereof. Such consent shall have the same effect and force as a unanimous vote of said Directors.
  
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Any Director of  Free Geek may resign from such position by delivering written notice of the resignation to the Board, its presiding Officer, the chairperson  or secretary, but such resignation shall be without prejudice to the contract rights, if any, of  Free Geek. Any Director  of the Board may be removed by the Board, for  cause, by  consensus of the Directors then in office, excepting the Director in question, whenever in its judgment the best interests of the Corporation would be served thereby.  Such removal shall be without prejudice to the contract rights, if any, of the person so removed. The election or appointment of a Director shall not of itself create contract rights.
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== ARTICLE IV. OFFICERS ==
  
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===Section 10. Vacancies.===
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=== Section 1. Officers. ===
  
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In the event of a vacancy, the Council shall appoint an interim Director for the uncompleted term.
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The Officers of Free Geek shall be a Chairperson, a Secretary and a Treasurer. Each Officer shall be elected by the Board at its annual meeting from among the Directors. Each Officer shall serve for a term of (1) one year. Officers shall assume their respective duties immediately upon election.
  
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===Section 11. Compensation.===
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=== Section 2. Duties of Officers. ===
  
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Directors shall not be compensated for their services as Directors. The Directors  may be reimbursed by the Corporation for necessary expenses incurred in the execution of their duties and responsibilities. The Board of Directors may establish an aggregate annual limit for reimbursement of expenses incurred in a Director's execution of their duties and responsibilities, and may disapprove, by  consensus, of any specific reimbursement request submitted. No Director shall be liable to account to the Corporation for any profit realized by the Director from or through any transaction or contract of the Corporation; provided, however, in the case of any such contract or transaction requiring authorization by the Board,  any Director who personally or through any firm or corporation is interested in such a contract or transaction  shall recuse themselves (stand aside) from the decision. Such Director may be counted in determining whether a quorum is present at any meeting upon which action thereon is taken; and such Director shall be responsible for disclosing to the Board his or her interest in any such contract or transaction.
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a. Chairperson - The Chairperson shall convene all meetings of the Board and shall discharge such other duties as may be prescribed from time to time by the Board.
  
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===Section 12. Action By Directors Without A Meeting.===
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b. Secretary - The Secretary shall provide for the keeping of the minutes of the meetings of the Board and of any standing or temporary committees thereof; shall be responsible for the timely preparation and delivery of all notices to be given in accordance with the provisions of these Bylaws, the Articles of Incorporation or as required by the Act; shall be custodian of the corporate records and the seal of Free Geek (if any) and shall be responsible for authenticating the records of Free Geek as duly authorized or required by the Act; and shall perform such other duties as may be prescribed from time to time by the Board.
  
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Any action required to be taken at a meeting of the Directors of Free Geek, or any other action which may be taken at a meeting of the Directors, may be taken without a meeting if a consent in writing setting forth the actions so taken shall be signed by all  Directors not recused  with respect to the subject matter thereof. Such consent shall have the same effect and force as  formal consensus among said Directors.
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c. Treasurer - The Treasurer shall provide for the oversight of all the financial affairs of Free Geek; shall be the legal custodian of all the corporate funds and securities; shall deposit all funds in the name of Free Geek in such bank or banks as the Board shall by resolution specify; shall keep proper account books and perform such other duties as may be prescribed from time to time by the Board. The Treasurer may delegate daily financial oversight duties to the Staff, but must review the details on a quarterly basis.
  
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==ARTICLE IV. Officers==
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: I am hesitant to use the word oversıght twıce ın sectıon 2C. I would suggest deletıng the word oversıght ın the last sentence of the paragraph to keep the oversight functıon clearly wıth the treasurer but allowıng the treasurer to delegate day to day dutıes and operatıons to others.  (Note I thınk thıs may have been a transcriptıon error between versıons).  --[[User:Jkane|Jkane]] 04:28, 25 Aug 2005 (PDT)
  
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===Section 1. Officers.===
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:: i see what you're saying. removing the second "oversight" is fine by me. It's been there from the beginning, BTW.
 +
:: [[User:Rfs|RfS]] 10:28, 25 Aug 2005 (PDT)
  
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The Officers of the Corporation shall be President, hereafter refered to as "Convener", a Secretary and a Treasurer. Each Officer shall be elected by the Board at its  first meeting after the election of new Directors by the Community Council from among the Directors. Each Officer shall serve for a term of  one (1) year. Officers shall assume their respective duties immediately upon election.
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=== Section 3. Other Officers. ===
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===Section 2. Duties Of Officers.===
 
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A. Chairperson
 
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The chairperson shall convene all meetings of the Board  and shall discharge such other duties as may be prescribed from time to time by the Board. The Convener shall  appoint members of the Board Committees in consultation with the Board.
 
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B. Secretary
 
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The Secretary shall keep or cause to be kept the minutes of the meetings of the Board and of any standing or temporary committees thereof; shall be responsible for the timely preparation and delivery of all notices to be given in accordance with the provisions of these Bylaws, the Articles of Incorporation or as required by the Act; shall be custodian of the corporate records and the seal of  Free Geek (if any) and shall be responsible for authenticating the records of  Free Geek as duly authorized or required by the Act; and shall perform such other duties as may be prescribed from time to time by the Board.
 
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C. Treasurer
 
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The Treasurer shall provide oversight over the financial affairs of Free Geek; shall be the legal custodian of all the corporate funds and securities; shall provide for the deposit of all funds in the name of the Corporation in such bank or banks as the Board shall by resolution specify; shall provide for the keeping of proper account books and perform such other duties as may be prescribed from time to time by the Board. The Treasurer may delegate daily financial oversight duties to the Staff, but must review the details on a quarterly basis.
 
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===Section 3. Other Officers.===
 
  
 
The Board may by resolution create such additional and special Officers as may be considered necessary or desirable in addition to those hereinabove described. The appointment, tenure, removal and succession of persons to hold such offices shall be as the Board shall provide.
 
The Board may by resolution create such additional and special Officers as may be considered necessary or desirable in addition to those hereinabove described. The appointment, tenure, removal and succession of persons to hold such offices shall be as the Board shall provide.
  
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===Section 4. Compensation and Expenses.===
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=== Section 4. Compensation and Expenses. ===
  
 
Unless otherwise established by the Board, no Officer shall be compensated for his or her services as an Officer. Expenses incurred in connection with performance of an Officer's official duties may be reimbursed upon approval of the Board.
 
Unless otherwise established by the Board, no Officer shall be compensated for his or her services as an Officer. Expenses incurred in connection with performance of an Officer's official duties may be reimbursed upon approval of the Board.
  
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===Section 5. Resignation or Removal.===
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=== Section 5. Resignation or Removal. ===
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Any Officer of  Free Geek may resign from such position by delivering written notice of the resignation to the Board, its presiding Officer, the chairperson or secretary, but such resignation shall be without prejudice to the contract rights, if any, of the Corporation. Any Officer  of the Board may be removed by the Board, for  cause, by  consensus of the Officers then in office, excepting the Officer in question, whenever in its judgment the best interests of the Corporation would be served thereby.  Such removal shall be without prejudice to the contract rights, if any, of the person so removed. The election or appointment of a Director shall not of itself create contract rights.
 
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===Section 6. Vacancies.===
 
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Vacancies in any office caused by any reason shall be filled by the Board at any meeting by selecting a suitable and qualified director to the office for the remainder of the unexpired term.
 
  
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==ARTICLE V Community Council (proposed)==
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Any Officer of Free Geek may resign from such position by delivering written notice of the resignation to the Board, but such resignation shall be without prejudice to the contract rights, if any, of Free Geek. Any Officer or agent elected or appointed by the Board may be removed by the by the Board, except for the Director or Officer in question, for cause, when in its judgment the best interests of Free Geek would be served thereby. Such removal shall be without prejudice to the contract rights, if any, of the person so removed. The election or appointment of an Officer or agent shall not of itself create contract rights.
  
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===Section 1. Function===
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=== Section 6. Vacancies. ===
  
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The function of the Community Council (herein referred to as "the Council") is to provide for the general guidance and vision of Free Geek.  This includes formulating and delegating decisions pertinent to the entire organization in both short term and long term capacities.  Council provides for the administration of Free Geek in between meetings of the Board. The Council also selects members of the Board.
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Vacancies in any office caused by any reason shall be filled by the Board at any meeting by selecting a suitable and qualified person to act during the unexpired term.
  
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===Section 2. Membership===
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== ARTICLE V. COMMITTEES AND OTHER GROUPS ==
  
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The Council consists of Free Geek volunteers and staff. Any active volunteer and/or staff member is allowed to participate in meetings of the Council.
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=== Section 1. Committees of the Board of Directors. ===
  
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===Section 3. Blocking Privilege===
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The Board may create one (1) or more committees of the Board of Directors. The Board may appoint Directors of the Board to serve on them or designate the method of selecting committee members. Each committee shall consist of at least one (1) Director of the Board. The Board may appoint non-Board members to Committees of the Board who have specific experience in the committee's area of responsibility. Committees of the Board shall report to the full Board and require Board consent of all actions unless specific authority has been delegated by the Board to the Committee.
  
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The privilege to block consensus is granted to any member of the Council upon their third consecutive meeting. This privilege is lost if this "blocking member" has missed three (3) consecutive meetings.  
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=== Section 2. Groups other than Committees of the Board. ===
  
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===Section 4. Meetings===
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Groups other than the Board and the Committees thereof may be formed on an as-needed basis by the Free Geek community. These other groups shall not have the authority to act for or on behalf of the Board.
  
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Meetings of the Council shall normally be held on a monthly basis. The Council meeting regarding the election of new Board members shall be held in October.
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=== Section 3. The Free Geek Community Council ===
  
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==ARTICLE VI. Staff Collective (proposed)==
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The Free Geek Community Council (the "Council") shall be organized from members of the Free Geek community. The function of the Council is to provide general guidance and vision to Free Geek. This includes both short term and long term vision and goals. The Council normally meets on a monthly basis and shall meet to elect members to the Board at least once per year. The Council shall not have the authority to act for or on behalf of the Board.
  
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===Section 1. Function===
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: Note, that the section defining the council was moved here, and there is still a discussion as to whether it should be moved to its own section. [[User:Rfs|RfS]] 14:43, 17 Aug 2005 (PDT)
  
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The function of the Free Geek Staff ("Staff") is to provide for the day to day day to day administration of FG, implementation of policies set by Council and Board, and maintenance of its own membership.
+
: Synopsis of discussion so far:
 +
:* Moving the definition of the Council into this section hides it a bit from casual glances. A more straightforward approach might invite unwanted attention (raise a red flag).
 +
:* However, it may not raise a red flag at all, and giving it its own section makes the document cleaner and more comprehensible. For instance, without its own section a board resolution relating to council ("be it resolved that the council can blah blah blah...") would look like it relates to the election procedures when it in fact does not.
 +
: Options already mentioned include:
 +
:* Leaving the text where it is and living with any resulting unclarity.
 +
:* Moving the text to its own section substantially in its current form.
 +
:* Moving the text to its own section for clarity, paring it down to a bare minimum, and moving some of its substance to a standing resolution of the board.
 +
:[[User:Rfs|RfS]] 15:05, 17 Aug 2005 (PDT)
  
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===Section 2. Membership===
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== ARTICLE VI. RIGHT OF PARTICIPATION ==
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The Free Geek staff collective is responsible for hiring and discipline of its membership, and other Free Geek staff (e.g., paid interns).
 
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==ARTICLE VII. Committees of the Board==
 
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===Section 1. Committees of the Board of Directors.===
 
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A majority of the Board of Directors in office may create one or more committees of the Board of Directors. The Board of Directors may appoint Directors of the Board to serve on them or designate the method of selecting committee members. Each committee shall consist of at least one Director of the Board. The Board may appoint non-Board members to Committees of the Board who have specific experience in the committee?s area of responsibility. Committees of the Board of Directors report to the full Board of Directors and require Board consent of all actions unless specific authority has been delegated by the Board of Directors or the Bylaws to the Committee.
 
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===Section 2. Other groups===
 
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Groups other than the Board, the committees thereof, and the Community Council may be formed on an as-needed basis by volunteers and staff of Free Geek.
 
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==ARTICLE VIII. Rights of Participation==
 
  
 
No person shall be denied the services or facilities of this organization or be excluded from participation or service herein because of race, age, color, sex, sexual orientation, gender identification, creed, religion, handicap, or national origin, and discrimination of any kind in respect hereof is expressly prohibited.
 
No person shall be denied the services or facilities of this organization or be excluded from participation or service herein because of race, age, color, sex, sexual orientation, gender identification, creed, religion, handicap, or national origin, and discrimination of any kind in respect hereof is expressly prohibited.
  
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==ARTICLE IX Consensus (proposed)==
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== ARTICLE VII. DEPOSITORIES, SIGNATURES AND SEAL ==
  
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===Section 1. Model===
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=== Section 1. Depositories. ===
  
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The decision making process throughout the Free Geek structure shall be based on the model of formal consensus put forth by CT Butler and Amy Rothstein in the book "On Conflict and Consensus" (Food Not Bombs Publishing).
+
All funds of Free Geek shall be deposited in the name of Free Geek in such bank, banks or other financial institutions as the Board may from time to time designate and shall be drawn on checks, drafts or other orders signed on behalf of Free Geek by the Treasurer and/or such other person or persons as the Board may from time to time designate.
  
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===Section 2. Closing Options in Formal Consensus===
+
=== Section 2. Contracts. ===
  
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A participant in formal consensus has three options when consensus is called for: 
+
All contracts, deeds and other instruments shall be signed on behalf of Free Geek by the Chairperson or by such other Officer or agent as the Board may from time to time designate.
−
* Consent
 
−
* Stand aside - May not agree with the decision but will not impede its enactment
 
−
* Block - The group may not go ahead with this decision.  A concern must be based upon the principals of the group to justify a block to consensus.
 
−
The right to block is the equivalent to voting privileges in a voting based organization.
 
  
−
===Section 3. Presumption of Assent.===
+
=== Section 3. Seal. ===
  
−
Any member of a group within Free Geek seeking consensus who is present at the meeting of the group where consensus is sought shall be presumed to have assented to the action taken, unless his or her dissent (in the form of a stand aside) shall be entered in the minutes of the meeting.
+
Free Geek shall have no seal.
  
−
==ARTICLE X. Depositories, Signatures and Seal==
+
=== Section 4. Borrowing. ===
  
−
===Section 1. Depositories.===
+
Notwithstanding any other provision in these Bylaws, no Officer or agent of Free Geek shall have authority to borrow any funds on behalf of Free Geek, or to hypothecate any assets thereof, for corporate purposes or otherwise, except as expressly stated in a resolution approved by the Board and duly entered in the minutes of the Board. No loans shall be made by Free Geek to any Director or Officer.
  
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All funds of  Free Geek shall be deposited in the name of  Free Geek in such bank, banks or other financial institutions as the Board may from time to time designate and shall be drawn on checks, drafts or other orders signed on behalf of  Free Geek by the Treasurer and/or such other person or persons as the Board may from time to time designate.
+
=== Section 5. Gifts. ===
  
−
===Section 2. Signatures.===
+
The Board may accept on behalf of Free Geek any contribution, gift, bequest or devise for the general purpose of Free Geek, and any such contribution, gift, bequest, or devise is subject to the Board's acceptance.
  
−
All contracts, deeds and other instruments shall be signed on behalf of  Free Geek  by the chairperson or by such other Officer or agent as the Board may from time to time designate.
+
== ARTICLE VIII. AMENDMENTS ==
  
−
===Section 3. Seal.===
+
These Bylaws may be amended by the Board then in office at any regular or special meeting of the Board provided the notice given for such meeting indicates that such amendments will be considered. The council must also receive due notice of such meetings. The Board must consider any amendment which is unanimously proposed by the Council.
  
−
Free Geek shall have no seal.
+
: So, do we want to say "unanimously proposed" or do we want to say "put forth by"? We want to avoid the appearance that single persons could force the Board to consider amendments. --[[User:Ideath|Ideath]] 18:53, 24 Aug 2005 (PDT) (i mean, laurel)
  
−
===Section 4. Borrowing.===
+
:There is still some discussion going on about the struck out part, so I'm leaving it as marked for now. It may come back. [[User:Rfs|RfS]] 14:43, 17 Aug 2005 (PDT)
  
−
Notwithstanding any other provision in these Bylaws, no Officer or agent of Free Geek shall have authority to borrow any funds on behalf of  Free Geek, or to hypothecate any assets thereof, for corporate purposes or otherwise, except as expressly stated in a resolution approved by the Directors, duly entered in the minutes of the Board. No loans shall be made by Free Geek to any Director or Officer.
+
: Synopsis of the discussion so far:
 +
:* Including the stricken text might raise a red flag at the IRS.
 +
:* It also may not, and is a desireable check and balance issue.
 +
: Options already mentioned include:
 +
:* Leaving the text in, requiring the board to run amendments by council and consider council amendments.
 +
:* Striking the text and making a board standing resolution that requires the board to do what the above says. In this scenario, the board would first have to overturn their standing resolution to sneak an amendment by the council.
 +
:[[User:Rfs|RfS]] 15:02, 17 Aug 2005 (PDT)
 +
: we prefer the checks and balances that this implies; having this be just a resolution means the board can do away with it easily. since notice about these meetings must already be sent to the board, can't we just add that the notice must also be given to council? "The council must also receive notice of such meetings." - laurel and charno
 +
: Is it so terrible that the board must consider any amendment from the council? It doesn't say they have to approve it, just consider it. - laurel
 +
: In response to Laurel, I would say that removıng the word 'unanimously' ıs not a problem as they stıll have to come from the councıl as a whole rather than a sıngular person. Of course a sıngular person at a councıl meetıng could propose somethıng but ıt would take the actıon of the group to move ıt on up to the board.  Also, I don't have a problem wıth havıng the Board consıder thıngs from the council as Larel notes, they are not requıred to act upon ıt. --[[User:Jkane|Jkane]] 04:36, 25 Aug 2005 (PDT)
 +
:: I'm for removing "unanimously" but not a big deal. Taking it out gives us more flexibility.
 +
:: [[User:Rfs|RfS]] 10:30, 25 Aug 2005 (PDT)
  
−
===Section 5. Gifts.===
+
== ARTICLE IX. INDEMNIFICATION ==
  
−
The Board may accept on behalf of  Free Geek any contribution, gift, bequest or devise for the general purpose of  Free Geek, that is in accordance with Free Geek's 501(c)(3) status, and any such contribution, gift, bequest, or devise is subject to the Board's acceptance.
+
=== Section 1. Directors and Officers. ===
  
−
==ARTICLE XI. Amendments==
+
Pursuant to ORS 65.387 to 65.414, Free Geek shall indemnify, to the fullest extent provided in the Act, any Director or Officer who was or is a Party or is threatened to be made a Party to any Proceeding (other than an action by or in the right of Free Geek) by reason of or arising from the fact that such person is or was a Director or Officer of Free Geek.  The determination and authorization of indemnification shall be made as provided in the Act.
  
−
These Bylaws may be amended by a  consensus of the Board then in office at any regular or special meeting of the Board provided the notice given for such meeting indicates that such amendments will be considered with written notice given to the Council at least three (3)  weeks in advance of any meeting of the Board of Directors where the amendment will be considered. The Board must consider any amendment which is proposed by consensus from the Community Council.
+
=== Section 2. Advance of Expenses. ===
  
−
==ARTICLE XII. Indemnification==
+
Free Geek may pay for or reimburse the reasonable Expenses incurred by a Director or Officer who is a Party to a Proceeding in advance of final disposition of the Proceeding as provided in the Act.
  
−
===Section 1. Directors and Officers.===
+
=== Section 3. Insurance. ===
  
−
Pursuant to ORS 65.387 to 65.414, the Corporation shall indemnify, to the fullest extent provided in the Act, any Director or Officer who was or is a Party or is threatened to be made a Party to any Proceeding (other than an action by or in the right of the Corporation) by reason of or arising from the fact that such person is or was a Director or Officer of the Corporation. The determination and authorization of indemnification shall be made as provided in the Act.
+
At the discretion of the Board, Free Geek may purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of any person who is or was a Director or Officer of Free Geek against any Liability asserted against such person and incurred by such person in any such capacity, or arising out of such person's status as such, whether or not Free Geek would have the power to indemnify such person against such Liability under the provisions of this Article.
  
−
===Section 2. Advance of Expenses.===
+
=== Section 4. Purpose and Exclusivity. ===
  
−
The Corporation may pay for or reimburse the reasonable Expenses incurred by a Director or Officer who is a Party to a Proceeding in advance of final disposition of the Proceeding as provided in the Act.
+
The indemnification referred to in the various sections of this Article shall be deemed to be in addition to and not in lieu of any other rights to which those indemnified may be entitled under any statute, rule of law or equity, provision of the Articles of Incorporation, agreement, vote of the Board or otherwise.
  
−
===Section 3. Insurance.===
+
=== Section 5. Definitions. ===
  
−
At the discretion of the Board, the Corporation may purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of any person who is or was a Director or Officer of the Corporation against any Liability asserted against such person and incurred by such person in any such capacity, or arising out of such person's status as such, whether or not the Corporation would have the power to indemnify such person against such Liability under the provisions of this Article.
+
The terms used in this Article shall have the same meanings given them in ORS 65.387 to 65.414.
−
===Section 4. Purpose and Exclusivity.===
 
−
 
 
−
The indemnification referred to in the various sections of this Article shall be deemed to be in addition to and not in lieu of any other rights to which those indemnified may be entitled under any statute, rule of law or equity, provision of the Articles of Incorporation, agreement, vote of the Board or otherwise.
 
  
−
===Section 5. Definitions.===
+
== ARTICLE X DEFINITIONS ==
  
−
The terms used in this Article shall have the same meanings given them in ORS 65.387 to 65.414.
+
"In writing", as used in these Bylaws, refers to documents that are hand-delivered, faxed, mailed, or sent by email communication, unless another definition is required by the Act.
  
−
==ARTICLE XIII. Indentification==
+
== ARTICLE XI. IDENTIFICATION ==
  
−
I hereby certify that I am the Secretary of the first Directors' meeting of Free Geek, Inc. and that the foregoing Bylaws in nine typewritten pages numbered consecutively from 1 to 9 were and are the Bylaws adopted by the Directors of the Corporation effective '''INSERT DATE HERE'''.
+
I hereby certify that I am the Secretary of the first Directors' meeting of Free Geek, Inc. and that the foregoing Bylaws, in [NUMBER (#)] typewritten pages numbered consecutively from [#] to [#] were and are the Amended Bylaws adopted by the Directors of Free Geek effective [DATE], 2005.
  
−
'''SIGN BY APROPRIATE OFFICERS'''
+
, Secretary
  
 
[[Category: Bylaws]]
 
[[Category: Bylaws]]

Latest revision as of 16:36, 7 September 2005

(This is a snapshot of the Proposed Bylaws Working Draft as of September 1, 2005. It is a static page. For more extended discussion see the pages listed at New Bylaws Project.)

Formatting and Edits
  • Comments are indented. Begin lines with a colon (:). Nest your comments by increasing the number of colons.
  • Suggested deletions since the last snapshot are in Strikethrough.
  • Suggested additions since the last snapshot are bold.
To do
  • Spellcheck, etc.

These Bylaws of Free Geek, Inc. ("Free Geek") are intended to conform to the mandatory requirements of the Oregon Nonprofit Corporations Act (the "Act"). Any ambiguity arising between the Bylaws and the discretionary provisions of the Act shall be resolved in favor of the application of the Act.

ARTICLE I. PURPOSE

a. Free Geek is organized exclusively for charitable and educational purposes within the meaning of Section 501(c) (3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and as the same may hereafter be amended (the "Code"), including the making of distributions directly in support of such purposes or the making of distributions to organizations that qualify as exempt organizations under Section 501(c) (3) of the Code. References to sections of the Code shall be construed to include corresponding sections of any future federal tax code.

b. The primary purpose(s) of Free Geek, in furtherance of its charitable and educational purpose, shall be to recycle technology and provide access to computers, the internet, education and job skills in exchange for community service.

ARTICLE II. MEMBERSHIP

Free Geek shall have no members. It shall be governed by a Board of Directors (the "Board").

ARTICLE III THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS

Section 1. Function.

The Board shall provide for the oversight of the business and affairs of Free Geek and shall exercise all the powers of Free Geek as provided by the law and the Articles of Incorporation, but subject to any restrictions imposed by the Act, the Articles of Incorporation, or these Bylaws. The Board may by resolution delegate to committees, including an Executive Committee of their own number, or to Officers of Free Geek, such powers and functions as they may designate from time to time.

Section 2. Number.

The Board shall consist of at least five (5) but not more than eleven (11) Directors. The exact number shall be fixed from time to time by resolution of the Board; provided, however, no decrease in the number of Directors shall have the effect of shortening the term of any incumbent Director.

Section 3. Term.

a. The term of each member of the Board shall be approximately two (2) years. A Director shall hold office for the time for which he or she is elected or until his or her successor is elected and qualified or until his or her resignation or removal.

b. The Board shall be divided, by lot, into two (2) groups for the purpose of staggering the terms. The Directors of the first group shall serve a term of two years; the Directors of the second group shall serve a term of one year. Thereafter the members of each group shall serve two (2) years, with the term of each group of the Directors ending in each successive year. There shall be no limit on the number of terms which a Director may serve.

Section 4. Election Procedure.

Prior to the annual meeting of the Board, the Council shall elect the successors to the Directors whose terms expire that year. Nominations shall be sought from the community served by Free Geek, including, but not limited to, the Council, the Board and the Staff.

Section 5. Annual Meeting.

The Board shall hold meetings at least once each calendar year, or more often as necessary. The Board shall, by its own resolution, designate such dates, times and places as it may choose for such meetings; provided, however, the annual meeting of the Board shall be held no later than the last day of October of each calendar year.

Section 6. Special Meetings.

Special meetings of the Board may be called by the Chairperson and must be called by the Chairperson upon the written request of at least two Directors. Notice of a special meeting of the Board shall be mailed, hand-delivered or given verbally to each Director not less than 10 days prior to the meeting and no more than 60 days prior to the meeting. The notification shall include the date, time, place and agenda of the special meeting.

Section 7. Waiver of Notice.

A Director may at any time waive any notice required by the Act, the Articles of Incorporation or these Bylaws. Except as otherwise provided herein, such waiver must be in writing, signed by the Director entitled to notice, specify the meeting for which notice is waived and be filed with the corporate records. A waiver of notice, whether before or after the time stated therein, shall be equivalent to the giving of such notice. The attendance of a Director at a meeting shall constitute a waiver of notice of such meeting, except where a Director attends a meeting for the express purpose of objecting to the transaction of any business because the meeting is not lawfully called or convened.

Section 8. Quorum and Voting.

A majority of the Directors in office immediately before the meeting begins shall constitute a quorum at any meeting. Decisions made by such a quorum shall be the act of the Board unless a greater vote is required by the Act, the Articles of Incorporation or these Bylaws.

Section 9. Presumption of Assent.

A Director of Free Geek who is present at a meeting of the Board at which action on any corporate matter is taken shall be presumed to have assented to the action taken, unless his dissent shall be entered in the minutes of the meeting. Such right to dissent shall not apply to a Director who voted in favor of such action.

Section 10. Removal or Resignation of Directors.

Any Director of Free Geek may resign from such position by delivering written notice of the resignation to the Board, its presiding Officer, the Chairperson or secretary, but such resignation shall be without prejudice to the contract rights, if any, of Free Geek. Any Director elected or appointed by the Board may be removed by the Board, for cause, by the Directors then in office, except for the director in question, whenever in its judgment the best interests of Free Geek would be served thereby, but such removal shall be without prejudice to the contract rights, if any, of the person so removed. The election or appointment of a Director shall not of itself create contract rights.

Section 11. Vacancies.

In the event of a vacancy, the Council shall appoint an interim Director for the uncompleted term.

Section 12. Compensation.

Directors shall not be compensated for their services as Directors. The Directors shall be reimbursed by Free Geek for necessary expenses incurred in the execution of their duties and responsibilities. The Board of Directors may establish an aggregate annual limit for reimbursement of expenses incurred in a Director's execution of their duties and responsibilities, and may disapprove, by a majority vote, of any specific reimbursement request submitted. No Director shall be liable to account to Free Geek for any profit realized by the Director from or through any transaction or contract of Free Geek; provided, however, in the case of any such contract or transaction requiring authorization by the Board, any Director who personally or through any firm or corporation is interested in such a contract or transaction shall recuse themselves from the decision. Such Director may be counted in determining whether a quorum is present at any meeting upon which action thereon is taken; and such Director shall be responsible for disclosing to the Board his or her interest in any such contract or transaction.

Section 13. Action By Directors Without A Meeting.

Any action required to be taken at a meeting of the Directors of Free Geek, or any other action which may be taken at a meeting of the Directors, may be taken without a meeting if a consent in writing setting forth the actions so taken shall be signed by all the Directors not recused with respect to the subject matter thereof. Such consent shall have the same effect and force as a unanimous vote of said Directors.

ARTICLE IV. OFFICERS

Section 1. Officers.

The Officers of Free Geek shall be a Chairperson, a Secretary and a Treasurer. Each Officer shall be elected by the Board at its annual meeting from among the Directors. Each Officer shall serve for a term of (1) one year. Officers shall assume their respective duties immediately upon election.

Section 2. Duties of Officers.

a. Chairperson - The Chairperson shall convene all meetings of the Board and shall discharge such other duties as may be prescribed from time to time by the Board.

b. Secretary - The Secretary shall provide for the keeping of the minutes of the meetings of the Board and of any standing or temporary committees thereof; shall be responsible for the timely preparation and delivery of all notices to be given in accordance with the provisions of these Bylaws, the Articles of Incorporation or as required by the Act; shall be custodian of the corporate records and the seal of Free Geek (if any) and shall be responsible for authenticating the records of Free Geek as duly authorized or required by the Act; and shall perform such other duties as may be prescribed from time to time by the Board.

c. Treasurer - The Treasurer shall provide for the oversight of all the financial affairs of Free Geek; shall be the legal custodian of all the corporate funds and securities; shall deposit all funds in the name of Free Geek in such bank or banks as the Board shall by resolution specify; shall keep proper account books and perform such other duties as may be prescribed from time to time by the Board. The Treasurer may delegate daily financial oversight duties to the Staff, but must review the details on a quarterly basis.

I am hesitant to use the word oversıght twıce ın sectıon 2C. I would suggest deletıng the word oversıght ın the last sentence of the paragraph to keep the oversight functıon clearly wıth the treasurer but allowıng the treasurer to delegate day to day dutıes and operatıons to others. (Note I thınk thıs may have been a transcriptıon error between versıons). --Jkane 04:28, 25 Aug 2005 (PDT)
i see what you're saying. removing the second "oversight" is fine by me. It's been there from the beginning, BTW.
RfS 10:28, 25 Aug 2005 (PDT)

Section 3. Other Officers.

The Board may by resolution create such additional and special Officers as may be considered necessary or desirable in addition to those hereinabove described. The appointment, tenure, removal and succession of persons to hold such offices shall be as the Board shall provide.

Section 4. Compensation and Expenses.

Unless otherwise established by the Board, no Officer shall be compensated for his or her services as an Officer. Expenses incurred in connection with performance of an Officer's official duties may be reimbursed upon approval of the Board.

Section 5. Resignation or Removal.

Any Officer of Free Geek may resign from such position by delivering written notice of the resignation to the Board, but such resignation shall be without prejudice to the contract rights, if any, of Free Geek. Any Officer or agent elected or appointed by the Board may be removed by the by the Board, except for the Director or Officer in question, for cause, when in its judgment the best interests of Free Geek would be served thereby. Such removal shall be without prejudice to the contract rights, if any, of the person so removed. The election or appointment of an Officer or agent shall not of itself create contract rights.

Section 6. Vacancies.

Vacancies in any office caused by any reason shall be filled by the Board at any meeting by selecting a suitable and qualified person to act during the unexpired term.

ARTICLE V. COMMITTEES AND OTHER GROUPS

Section 1. Committees of the Board of Directors.

The Board may create one (1) or more committees of the Board of Directors. The Board may appoint Directors of the Board to serve on them or designate the method of selecting committee members. Each committee shall consist of at least one (1) Director of the Board. The Board may appoint non-Board members to Committees of the Board who have specific experience in the committee's area of responsibility. Committees of the Board shall report to the full Board and require Board consent of all actions unless specific authority has been delegated by the Board to the Committee.

Section 2. Groups other than Committees of the Board.

Groups other than the Board and the Committees thereof may be formed on an as-needed basis by the Free Geek community. These other groups shall not have the authority to act for or on behalf of the Board.

Section 3. The Free Geek Community Council

The Free Geek Community Council (the "Council") shall be organized from members of the Free Geek community. The function of the Council is to provide general guidance and vision to Free Geek. This includes both short term and long term vision and goals. The Council normally meets on a monthly basis and shall meet to elect members to the Board at least once per year. The Council shall not have the authority to act for or on behalf of the Board.

Note, that the section defining the council was moved here, and there is still a discussion as to whether it should be moved to its own section. RfS 14:43, 17 Aug 2005 (PDT)
Synopsis of discussion so far:
  • Moving the definition of the Council into this section hides it a bit from casual glances. A more straightforward approach might invite unwanted attention (raise a red flag).
  • However, it may not raise a red flag at all, and giving it its own section makes the document cleaner and more comprehensible. For instance, without its own section a board resolution relating to council ("be it resolved that the council can blah blah blah...") would look like it relates to the election procedures when it in fact does not.
Options already mentioned include:
  • Leaving the text where it is and living with any resulting unclarity.
  • Moving the text to its own section substantially in its current form.
  • Moving the text to its own section for clarity, paring it down to a bare minimum, and moving some of its substance to a standing resolution of the board.
RfS 15:05, 17 Aug 2005 (PDT)

ARTICLE VI. RIGHT OF PARTICIPATION

No person shall be denied the services or facilities of this organization or be excluded from participation or service herein because of race, age, color, sex, sexual orientation, gender identification, creed, religion, handicap, or national origin, and discrimination of any kind in respect hereof is expressly prohibited.

ARTICLE VII. DEPOSITORIES, SIGNATURES AND SEAL

Section 1. Depositories.

All funds of Free Geek shall be deposited in the name of Free Geek in such bank, banks or other financial institutions as the Board may from time to time designate and shall be drawn on checks, drafts or other orders signed on behalf of Free Geek by the Treasurer and/or such other person or persons as the Board may from time to time designate.

Section 2. Contracts.

All contracts, deeds and other instruments shall be signed on behalf of Free Geek by the Chairperson or by such other Officer or agent as the Board may from time to time designate.

Section 3. Seal.

Free Geek shall have no seal.

Section 4. Borrowing.

Notwithstanding any other provision in these Bylaws, no Officer or agent of Free Geek shall have authority to borrow any funds on behalf of Free Geek, or to hypothecate any assets thereof, for corporate purposes or otherwise, except as expressly stated in a resolution approved by the Board and duly entered in the minutes of the Board. No loans shall be made by Free Geek to any Director or Officer.

Section 5. Gifts.

The Board may accept on behalf of Free Geek any contribution, gift, bequest or devise for the general purpose of Free Geek, and any such contribution, gift, bequest, or devise is subject to the Board's acceptance.

ARTICLE VIII. AMENDMENTS

These Bylaws may be amended by the Board then in office at any regular or special meeting of the Board provided the notice given for such meeting indicates that such amendments will be considered. The council must also receive due notice of such meetings. The Board must consider any amendment which is unanimously proposed by the Council.

So, do we want to say "unanimously proposed" or do we want to say "put forth by"? We want to avoid the appearance that single persons could force the Board to consider amendments. --Ideath 18:53, 24 Aug 2005 (PDT) (i mean, laurel)
There is still some discussion going on about the struck out part, so I'm leaving it as marked for now. It may come back. RfS 14:43, 17 Aug 2005 (PDT)
Synopsis of the discussion so far:
  • Including the stricken text might raise a red flag at the IRS.
  • It also may not, and is a desireable check and balance issue.
Options already mentioned include:
  • Leaving the text in, requiring the board to run amendments by council and consider council amendments.
  • Striking the text and making a board standing resolution that requires the board to do what the above says. In this scenario, the board would first have to overturn their standing resolution to sneak an amendment by the council.
RfS 15:02, 17 Aug 2005 (PDT)
we prefer the checks and balances that this implies; having this be just a resolution means the board can do away with it easily. since notice about these meetings must already be sent to the board, can't we just add that the notice must also be given to council? "The council must also receive notice of such meetings." - laurel and charno
Is it so terrible that the board must consider any amendment from the council? It doesn't say they have to approve it, just consider it. - laurel
In response to Laurel, I would say that removıng the word 'unanimously' ıs not a problem as they stıll have to come from the councıl as a whole rather than a sıngular person. Of course a sıngular person at a councıl meetıng could propose somethıng but ıt would take the actıon of the group to move ıt on up to the board. Also, I don't have a problem wıth havıng the Board consıder thıngs from the council as Larel notes, they are not requıred to act upon ıt. --Jkane 04:36, 25 Aug 2005 (PDT)
I'm for removing "unanimously" but not a big deal. Taking it out gives us more flexibility.
RfS 10:30, 25 Aug 2005 (PDT)

ARTICLE IX. INDEMNIFICATION

Section 1. Directors and Officers.

Pursuant to ORS 65.387 to 65.414, Free Geek shall indemnify, to the fullest extent provided in the Act, any Director or Officer who was or is a Party or is threatened to be made a Party to any Proceeding (other than an action by or in the right of Free Geek) by reason of or arising from the fact that such person is or was a Director or Officer of Free Geek. The determination and authorization of indemnification shall be made as provided in the Act.

Section 2. Advance of Expenses.

Free Geek may pay for or reimburse the reasonable Expenses incurred by a Director or Officer who is a Party to a Proceeding in advance of final disposition of the Proceeding as provided in the Act.

Section 3. Insurance.

At the discretion of the Board, Free Geek may purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of any person who is or was a Director or Officer of Free Geek against any Liability asserted against such person and incurred by such person in any such capacity, or arising out of such person's status as such, whether or not Free Geek would have the power to indemnify such person against such Liability under the provisions of this Article.

Section 4. Purpose and Exclusivity.

The indemnification referred to in the various sections of this Article shall be deemed to be in addition to and not in lieu of any other rights to which those indemnified may be entitled under any statute, rule of law or equity, provision of the Articles of Incorporation, agreement, vote of the Board or otherwise.

Section 5. Definitions.

The terms used in this Article shall have the same meanings given them in ORS 65.387 to 65.414.

ARTICLE X DEFINITIONS

"In writing", as used in these Bylaws, refers to documents that are hand-delivered, faxed, mailed, or sent by email communication, unless another definition is required by the Act.

ARTICLE XI. IDENTIFICATION

I hereby certify that I am the Secretary of the first Directors' meeting of Free Geek, Inc. and that the foregoing Bylaws, in [NUMBER (#)] typewritten pages numbered consecutively from [#] to [#] were and are the Amended Bylaws adopted by the Directors of Free Geek effective [DATE], 2005.

, Secretary

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