MotherBoard Testing

STEPS	NOTES AND DETAILED INSTRUCTIONS
Evaluate if the motherboard should be recycled	Reasons to Recycle a motherboard include The board has visible damage. This includes: Blown capacitors. Visually inspect for check for ANY domed capacitors. Blown capacitors Check for curved or leaking top. Damaged sockets. If it is a socket 775 check carefully for bent socket pins with a magnifying lens. Dark areas on the underside of the board where a device (surface mounted) may have over heated. It has one of the following socket types: Socket370, Socket462, Socket754, Socket478, slot processor (Pentium II), a dual SOCKET server board (XEON) It says that it is a DELL motherboard. There are no SATA ports. It is a BTX format motherboard (I/O shield is on the right hand side of the board), a multisocket server board, or have a non-standard ATX (see ATX definition below). More info under "Reasons NOT to reject a motherboard on preliminary inspection" under the "Notes" section at the bottom.
Mount the board	Place the motherboard on the test jig. Orient the motherboard so the external ports (printer, PS2, USB, etc.) are facing you.
If there is no processor, install an appropriate CPU.	Look up the motherboard user manual for the appropriate CPU to use. A library of motherboard manuals is kept on the Advanced Testing research laptop. If the manual does not exist, perform an internet search to find one and save it to the appropriate folder on the laptop (this should be obvious when you open up the mobo folder). Unless it is a very fancy motherboard, start with the slowest, in spec, speed CPU we have in stock for this socket type, or one which is recommended in the user manual. Write down and save information on the range of CPU speeds for that particular board; you will need it for the label at the end.
Installing a processor in the CPU socket	BE CAREFUL! Processor pins are gold alloy and bend easily. Use the standard practice for inserting CPU's in the motherboard socket as recommended in the user manual. If you bend a pin or pins, you can use a 0.5 mm mechanical pencil and magnifying lens to right the bent pins. If you snap off any of the processor pins, recycle the processor and get a replacement. Each pin is required for proper functioning of the CPU.
Connect mouse and keyboard	Use USB or PS2 mice or keyboards.
Connect IDE devices	If there is only one IDE connector on the motherboard, connect the IDE hard drive. If there are 2 IDE Connectors, connect the hard drive to IDE1 and the CDROM reader to IDE2. Before connecting the cables, visually verify the pins of the connector(s) are straight.
Connect the power supply	Make sure the power switch on the power supply is in the off position before plugging the connector into the board.There are, potentially, 3 types of power connectors to be connected. 20 pin Molex connectors (main power) 24 pin Molex connectors (main power) - These connectors are actually a 20 pin connector with a 4 pin add-on 4 pin Molex connector (+12V power) Install the main power connector first, then the 4 pin connector. It is very easy to forget the 4 pin connector and if you do the motherboard will not boot.
Install a tested button battery	Button/CMOS batteries are necessary for retaining BIOS settings when power is absent.
Clear the CMOS chip	On the motherboard, usually in the upper right quadrant and near the button battery, there will be 3 posts with a jumper on 2 of them marked CLRRTC or CMOS. On some of the newer motherboards there will be a momentary pushbutton on the motherboard marked CMOS. These perform the same function. Clearing the CMOS chip returns all settings to the factory default. If there are the 3 posts present, move the jumper from pins 1 & 2 to pins 2 & 3. Wait 10 seconds. Then return the jumper to pins 1 & 2. If there is a momentary pushbutton, push and hold the button for 10 seconds, then release.
Set the audio header jumpers	Find the audio front panel header and put jumpers on pins 1&2 and 5&6.
Power up the motherboard and go into BIOS	The following is the power-up procedure: Add a memory stick to the first memory slot (you will eventually test every slot) Turn on the power supply Find the front panel header post group. Take a screwdriver and momentarily short the 2 pins labeled PWR If there is no label indicating the power posts, they are usually the two on the sides of the header group immediately following the key post (missing post). If you found the correct power posts, put a momentary pushbutton switch on those 2 posts. This makes reboots much easier. If you hear beep codes or the heatsink fan powers up but there is no video, see notes below under Power Up Trouble Shooting. If you have trouble getting into BIOS see notes below under Power Up Trouble Shooting. If you still have trouble try following the instructions in the user manual.
Configure BIOS settings	Select the choice which loads the system DEFAULTS Enter the current date and time. Enable or Disable the following settings (this list is not exclusive): NO floppy support ENABLE hyperthreading ENABLE PNP O/S ENABLE ESCD/CMOS reset ENABLE boot time diagnostic screen ENABLE quick boot ENABLE support for all USB devices*Plug in PS2 mouse or USB mouse if no PS2 port. ENABLE support for all IDE devices ENABLE IDE bus mastering on all channels ENABLE SATA devices as IDE ENABLE SMART monitoring of disks ENABLE LAN ENABLE sound ENABLE ACPI support if available ENABLE the on-board video controller as the first video device, otherwise use the AGP or PCIe controllers. ENABLE smart cpu cooling fan control ENABLE Boot from other device After power off - STAY OFF DISABLE support for the floppy controller, MIDI, SERIAL ports, PRINTER port, LAN boot chip, boot-up floppy seek, full screen logo, RAID Boot Device Priority: CD, hard drive, all others disabled. Make sure there is a music CD in the CD drive by opening the drive. SAVE your choices, exit, and shut off the power supply.
Prep Motherboard	Move your memory stick to another slot (need to test ALL memory slots on the motherboard) Plug in the ethernet and sound cables Make sure you have a music CD in the CD/DVD player
Boot into OS	Turn on the power supply and boot into UBUNTU's graphical desktop. If the booting process (GRUB) insists on checking the hard drive file system for errors (FSCK), let it. It only does so when it has detected a file system error of some sort which it determines to be "of concern". If the operating system does NOT boot to the graphical interface ask your instructor for assistance.
Test the following. Recycle board if any tests fail.	If any of the following apply go to "How to Recycle", listed as the last step. USB Ports - Plug in a USB mouse to each USB port and verify it moves the cursor. Ethernet Ports - Start up Firefox and go to an off-site web site to verify the ethernet port works. If there is no ethernet access and you KNOW the cable is live, recycle the board. An Ethernet PCI card can be used for internet access. You will note of this on the motherboard label. Audio - If there are two IDE ports and you will have already attached the CD/DVD player attached to the second IDE port and you should be seeing an icon on the desktop. Double left click on the icon and you should see a listing of the contents of the music cd. Double left click on any of the tracks listed and you should bring up a media player window of some sort (depends on how the system was set up) and start hearing music from that track. If none of the above happens (no indication of a cd player attached), recycle the board. Note: make sure your speakers are on and sound turned up.
Fill out keeper label	Select "SYSTEM/ADMINISTRATION/SYSTEM MONITOR" and see what type/speed cpu you are working with and make note of this data on the label which you are going to stick on the back of the motherboard. Stop the monitor process (kill the window). Create a terminal window and type: sudo lshw then enter the root password. Scroll to the top of the window and record the following information: processor type, processor speed, socket type, cache1 size. On 32 bit processors you can multiply the external clock speed by 4 to get the FSB speed. Otherwise, after testing has completed, pull the heatsink off the processor and visually record the processor speed, cache size, and FSB speed from the CPU ship if it is an INTEL chip. If it is an AMD CPU, get this information from the 3-ring binder kept at the memory testing station. If you haven't already, look up the specs of the board to see the range of CPU speeds it can take, and include this in the comments section of the label.
Shut the system down	Use the system halt icon to shut down. POWER OFF the power supply.
Boot from the SATA drive	Now we verify that SATA works correctly: Remove the IDE hard drive cable from the motherboard. Attach the SATA drive cable to SATA0 (SATA1 if there is no 0). Move the memory stick to a new memory slot if there are slots which have not been tested yet. Turn on the power supply and power up the motherboard. If you get to the UBUNTU logo you need go no further. Power down the system. Remove the SATA connector and connect to a new SATA port. Remove the video cable and video card if using a card. Insert a PCI video card and attach the video cable. Power up the motherboard and at the UBUNTU logo, shut down again. Move the PCI card to an unused slot and repeat the power-up sequence until all slots have been tested. Note any discrepancies on the motherboard label. Power off. Remove all cables, cards, memory, and power connections.
Remove the processor	Remove the processor and re-install the heat sink Clean off and label the processor Affix a "No Processor" sticker prominently on the heat sink Ideally, bring the processor and the board to the store at the same time, and hand them off to a store employee
Finalize the testing process	Fill out the motherboard label completely. Attach label to the back (solder/non-component) side of the motherboard. Put the motherboard in an anti-static bag. Take the motherboard to the store for pricing. Kick back, return to Advanced Testing, and brag to everyone that you successfully tested a motherboard at Free Geek. Be prepared to be pummeled with apple cores, mouse pads, and used chewing gum.
How to RECYCLE a motherboard	Remove the CPU heatsink and, if it is of use on other types of motherboards or looks to be sell-able, save it. Otherwise, recycle the heatsink in a yellow bin. Remove the processor and save it for testing later if it qualifies (it is at least the minimum speed and acceptable socket type). Remove the button battery and save it for testing and reuse later. Remove any easily accessible jumpers and save them. Especially the ones with extended gripping surfaces. If you have time, remove any aluminum heatsinks and mobo mounting plates (such as those found on Dell boards). Deposit all in the appropriate recycle bin.

Notes:

Reasons NOT to reject a motherboard on preliminary inspection

• Broken or missing memory slot attachment arms are no reason to reject a board as long as the board passes all the other tests.
• Missing PS2 ports as long as there are USB ports available.
• Missing on-board sound (resolved with PCI based sound cards).
• Missing LAN ports (resolved with PCI based LAN cards).
• Missing on-board video (resolved by PCI, PCI-e, or AGP slots on the motherboard).
• Missing PCI slots - as long as there are PS2 or USB, video, and sound ports on the board.
• Broken or damaged Northbridge, Southbridge, or SUPERIO chip heatsinks can be replaced as can any on-board fans.

Power Up Troubleshooting

Beep codes during power on step: Power down the motherboard. The beeping normally means either:

• You have the wrong speed memory installed. Power down the motherboard, choose the next slowest speed memory card, and reboot. This usually fixes the beeping problem.
• You have the wrong processor speed, FSB speed, L2 cache size cpu installed. Refer to the user manual for the motherboard for the correct speed processor. If no user manual is available try a processor with a slower FSB speed or smaller L2 cache.
• Make 2 or 3 attempts at fixing the beeping problem before deciding to recycle the motherboard.

The heatsink fan powers up, but I get no video.

• You'll know if you have video because most monitors have an LED lit power button that changes color (usually green) when the motherboard senses a video sync signal. This could be due to many issues:
• The onboard video isn't working. Either use an external video card in the video card slot or use a PCI based video card and reboot.
• The motherboard doesn't like the video card you are using. Change out the video card - twice. It COULD be something other than a video card causing the problem.
• Wrong speed memory. Use only memory that has been pretested by Advanced Testing.
• Wrong/bad processor. Use only processors that have been pretested by Advanced Testing.
• Check for blown caps - again.

Help getting into BIOS

• Check to see if the CLRCMOS jumper is in the correct position. Normally, this means pins 1&2 are jumpered, but this is manufacturer dependant. A jumper in the wrong position will sometimes prohibit the motherboard from booting.
• Look at the motherboard...is there an open 4 pin Molex connector? You forgot to plug in the +12v.connector, dummy ! Turn off the power supply, plug it in, and try again.

The button on the monitor turns green and I get writing on the screen.

• Congratulations ! You have a successful boot. The next trick is to intercept the booting process so you can configure the BIOS.
• Once the initial black and white screen appears on the monitor look for and indication of what key sequence to enter to get into the BIOS configuration area.
• This key sequence USUALLY involves hitting the DEL, F1, F10, or F12 key.
• If NO indication appears on the screen about which key to enter, start entering the above keys as soon as you get a green light indication from the monitor.

• Motherboards GENERALLY have a standardized layout as follows:

I. Lower left quadrant contains the CPU socket, CPU heatsink, the 12 volt power connector (4 pin Molex), and all the external connectors.

II. Upper left quadrant contains the memory slots, main power connector, floppy connector, and may have one to two IDE connectors.

III. Upper right quadrant contains SATA connectors, SOUTHBRIDGE chip, RAID connector (if any), front panel header, USB header(s).

IV. Lower right quadrant contains AGP/PCIe video slots, PCI slots, button battery (this can actually be in this quadrant or the upper right), PCI extender slot, and audio header.