User:Scott/03

  Directories & Files
--------------------------------
Home Page      user:scott
Tech Support   user:scott/02
Dir & Files    user:scott/03
Network        user:scott/04
Troubleshoot   user:scott/05
Laptops        user:scott/06
Resources      user:scott/07
Notes          user:scott/08 

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Useful Commands to Remember

run-process-in-background

• sudo gedit xxxx &

 ls -l                              ls –F 
 d = directory                      / = sub-directory
 l = symbolic link                  @ = linked_file
 b or c = device block or char      * = executable_file
 n = named pipe                     | = named pipe
 s = socket                         = socket

ls [switches]

ls -a [-a all]
ls -R [-R recursive subfolders]  
ls -t [-t sort by time] 
ls -i [-i inode] 
ls -n [-n UID & GID] 
ls -r [-r reverse order]
ls -1 [-1 line by line] 
ls -F [-F */=@|]

Permissions for Directories and Files

Owner & Groups

chgrp
chown -R root:root folder-name
chown oem:oem file-name

rwx Attributes

chmod 774 folder-name (rwxrwxr--)
chmod 664 file-name   (rw-rw-r--)
chmod ugo+rwx /dir/file
chmod ugo-rwx /dir/file

Active Process (list)

ps -l (bash)
ps -e [-e all processes] [-f full-listing] 

Directory/File Size

du -h   (-h human readable)
du -hc  (-c Directory Total Size)
sudo du -ch  (include .hidden files)
sudo du -ch --max-depth=1  /home/ (include /home/xxx)

variations

du -h | less                 (-h human readable)
du -h /home/bob/Downloads/   (dir. in Download)
du -ha /home/bob/Downloads/  (files & dir. in Download)

du -ha /home/bob/Downloads/ | grep -i firefox   (find all instances of firefox and -i ignore case)

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Locate & Find Commands

Find an Application

whereis [program]
which   [program]

Locate a File

sudo updatedb
locate file-name
locate file-name | grep xxx

Copy & Move Commands

cp -vr Source ~/Destination  (-r pr -R recursively)	  	
mv -v  Source ~/Destination  (-r not necessary)
rm -rivf Desktop/ /home/dir [rmdir + content] [-i prompt] [-f force]

Find the Difference Between Two Files

diff file1 file2

Symbolic Link (create)

ln –s target linkname (symbolic link)

TAR & .ZIP

gzip file (zips) gunzip file (unzips)

tar -cvf NameOfArchive.tar file1 + dir1 + file2 (pack) [-c create] [-f ???] tar -xvf NameOfArchive.tar (unpack) [-x extract]

tar -czvf NameOfArchive.tar.gz  file1 + dir1 + file2 (pack & zip) tar -xzvf NameOfArchive.tar.gz (unpack & unzip)

whoami

finger (who is logged in)
id (uid=1000(sjnSUSE) gid=100(users) groups=100(users)
date & cal

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echo $PATH

A list of directories your shell searches through when you enter a command

/usr/local/sbin:
/usr/local/bin:
/usr/sbin:
/usr/bin:
/sbin:
/bin:
/usr/games

Find MAN Pages

man –k whoami (look-up commands)
info whoami
help whoami