Difference between revisions of "Basic Debian Packaging"
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Revision as of 16:57, 24 March 2006
overview
this class should give a basic understanding of how to build a debian package from some common types of source tarballs or repositories, with the assistance of several helper utilities.
background
prerequisites
- basic familiarity with commandline
- basic familiarity with linux
- Command Line 2
- basic understanding of apt and dpkg
suggested background
- rudimentary understanding of building and compiling software
- basic understanding of cvs or subversion
terms
- upstream
the source of the software- the originating author, the current development team
- downstream
the packager of software- a debian maintainer
most of ubuntu's software comes directly from debian, so debian would be considered upstream to ubuntu. most of debian's packages come from other projects, such as GNU, Linux, KDE and GNOME, which would be considered upstream to debian.
- top level of source directory
the directory in which the source code is unpacked.
topics covered
prep work
finding software
- is it already packaged:
- packages.debian.org
- other sources of software:
- freshmeat.net
- sourceforge.net
- google.com
grab and unpack a tarball
- gnu hello:
wget http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/hello/hello-2.1.1.tar.gz tar xvzf hello-2.1.1.tar.gz
environment variables
- DEBEMAIL
- DEBFULLNAME
- EDITOR
DEBEMAIL=yourname@example.com EDITOR=nano DEBFULLNAME="Your Name Here" export DEBEMAIL DEBFULLNAME EDITOR
creating debian directory
- using dh_make (package dh-make)
dh_make -s -c gpl
- dh-make-perl
contents of a debian directory
- copyright
- add copyright holder's name and relevent copyright
egrep -ri copyright * | less
- changelog
- dch
- version
- release
dch -i
- control
- rules
- other files
- *.install
- *.manpages
- *.examples
- *.init
- *.postinst
- *.postrm
- other examples: *.ex and *.EX files
cdbs basics
- add cdbs to build-depends or build-depends-indep debian/control
- magic snippet for a complete debian/rules file:
#!/usr/bin/make -f # uncomment the next line if using a makefile-based source #include /usr/share/cdbs/1/class/makefile.mk # uncomment the next line if using a autotools-based source #include /usr/share/cdbs/1/class/autotools.mk include /usr/share/cdbs/1/rules/debhelper.mk
- look in /usr/share/cdbs/1/class for more source types
debuild
- without gpg keys:
debuild -uc -us
basic troubleshooting
- lesspipe
lesspipe ../hello_2.1.1_i386.deb | less
- build dependencies
- package dependencies
- install in a clean debian base-install
- pbuilder/sbuild
lintian
- debian policy checker
lintian -i ../hello_2.1.1_i386.deb